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Congestive Heart Failure- pathophysiology and clinical manifestations

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Answers
show A state in which the heart is no longer able to pump sufficient blood to meet all of the metabolic needs of the body system.  
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show Acute CHF  
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Very slow and insidious onset of symptoms, which may follow a new onset of an illness-symptoms may take years to become apparent.   show
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Acute MI, tachycardic dysrhytmias, pulmonary emboli, Thryrotoxicosis, HTN crisis, ventricular septal defect, and rupture of the papillary muscle of hear valves are signs of which type of CHF?   show
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show Prevents appropriate valve closing  
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show Extreme tachycardia.  
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show Chronic CHF  
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show COPD patients  
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show Due to acute hypoxia of cardiac tissue.  
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The ability of the cardiac fibers to stretch and snap back appropriately.   show
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What happens when the myocardial fibers exceed their stretching limits?   show
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show Contractility  
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The pressure that the ventricles must pump against to empty the chamber effectively.   show
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The amount of blood that is ejected with each ventricular contraction.   show
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The amount of blood that is available to fill the ventricles before contraction.   show
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show Cardiac output.  
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show Stroke Volume.  
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show It impairs the ventricular emptying which will decrease stroke volume and cardiac output  
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How does hypertension and vasoconstriction affects afterload?   show
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show Mechanisms the heart uses to maintain cardiac output (in response to decreased cardiac output).  
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Name some of the compensatory mechanisms the heart uses to maintain cardiac output.   show
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What happens once all of the compensatory mechanisms of the heart have failed?   show
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show An increased heart rate, which increase filling time of the ventricles, leads to decreased cardiac output eventually.  
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show Heart will dilate to allow more bld to collect in ventricle. This increase stroke volume. This will eventually fail due to stretching of the myocardial fibers as the chambers lose contractile force.  
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What is the third and final compensatory mechanism the heart tries to use to maintain cardiac output?   show
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show the heart fibers increase in size known as remodeling. this will increase the force of contraction.  
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show the body will not be able to supply enough blood to this greatly enlarged heart, results in symptoms of CHF  
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show Most common heart failure. When the left ventricular cardiac output is less than volume received from the pulmonary circulation.  
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What happens when blood accumulates in the LV, and LA?   show
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show Fatigue, dry cough, dyspnea, crackles (rales), orthopnea, PND, cheyne stokes resp. anxiety, nocturia, oliguria, htn.  
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show Fatigue  
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show poor oxygenation.  
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show Plasma leaks out of engorged pulmonary vessels into the small airways and interstitial spaces in lungs.  
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A patient with CHF is unable to lay flat with comfortable breathing and assumes a sitting position leaning forward. This is an advanced finding called?   show
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show PND-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea  
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show Cheyne stokes respirations.  
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show The respiratory center of the brain is suppressed due to decreased oxygenation.  
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When listening to heart sounds of a client with CHF, you hear extra sounds that sounds like a horse galloping over the mitral area. Theses sounds are called?   show
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When you hear S3 and S4 heart sounds, what does it indicate?   show
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show decrease cerebral perfusion-cerebral blood flow is diminished.  
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Hypertension is due to what in the heart?   show
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show The renin angiotensin system increases salt and water retention which increases the workload of the heart.  
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show Right Ventricular Heart Failure.  
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Most common cause of Rt. Ventricular Heart Failure is? Why?   show
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show the right ventricle lost ability to pump blood into lungs from the ventricle.  
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Excess blood from the right ventricle will eventually go where instead of into the lungs?   show
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Peripheral congestion will occur in the venous circulation and plasma will be pushed out of the veins into to surrounding tissues leading to what condition?   show
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show Organs become congested- hepatomegaly and splenomegaly.  
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show engorged jugular veins with jugular distention.  
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show venouse congestion of the GI system.  
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show organs are connected to the vena cavas.  
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Client with RvCHF has signs of swelling to the LE, symmetrically, with pitting edema is a sign of?   show
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show Mostly prominent at the end of the day, and gone by morning due to feet elevation.  
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Describe pitting edema.   show
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show Pitting edema.  
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What is the main goal of caring for a client with CHF?   show
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