Congestive Heart Failure- pathophysiology and clinical manifestations
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| Definition of Congestive Heart Failure | show 🗑
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| show | Acute CHF
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| Very slow and insidious onset of symptoms, which may follow a new onset of an illness-symptoms may take years to become apparent. | show 🗑
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| show | Acute CHF
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| What happens when the papillary muscle of the heart rupture? | show 🗑
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| show | Extreme tachycardia.
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| CAD, rheumatic hrt disease, congenital hrt ds, cor pulmonale, anemia, bacterial endocarditis are signs of which CHF? | show 🗑
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| In which patients are you more likely to see cor pulmonale? | show 🗑
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| How does anemia cause chronic CHF? | show 🗑
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| The ability of the cardiac fibers to stretch and snap back appropriately. | show 🗑
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| What happens when the myocardial fibers exceed their stretching limits? | show 🗑
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| The ability of the heart muscle to contract. | show 🗑
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| The pressure that the ventricles must pump against to empty the chamber effectively. | show 🗑
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| The amount of blood that is ejected with each ventricular contraction. | show 🗑
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| The amount of blood that is available to fill the ventricles before contraction. | show 🗑
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| show | Cardiac output.
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| show | Stroke Volume.
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| What occurs when there is a decreased function in afterload? | show 🗑
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| How does hypertension and vasoconstriction affects afterload? | show 🗑
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| show | Mechanisms the heart uses to maintain cardiac output (in response to decreased cardiac output).
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| show | Tachycardia, ventricular dilation, ventricular hypertrophy.
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| show | The client will show symptoms of CHF.
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| Tachycardia as a compensatory mechanism causes...? | show 🗑
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| What happens when the heart uses ventricular dilation as a compensatory mechanism? | show 🗑
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| What is the third and final compensatory mechanism the heart tries to use to maintain cardiac output? | show 🗑
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| show | the heart fibers increase in size known as remodeling. this will increase the force of contraction.
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| show | the body will not be able to supply enough blood to this greatly enlarged heart, results in symptoms of CHF
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| What is left ventricular heart failure? | show 🗑
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| show | The ventricle losses its pumping action. The blood cannot pump forward therefore decreasing CO- large amount of blood back up into LA, and pulmonary veins and lungs.
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| Names some of the clinical manefestations of LV heart failure. | show 🗑
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| Symptom of CHF due to hypoxia, decreased cardiac output and poor waste removal. | show 🗑
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| show | poor oxygenation.
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| show | Plasma leaks out of engorged pulmonary vessels into the small airways and interstitial spaces in lungs.
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| A patient with CHF is unable to lay flat with comfortable breathing and assumes a sitting position leaning forward. This is an advanced finding called? | show 🗑
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| show | PND-paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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| show | Cheyne stokes respirations.
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| show | The respiratory center of the brain is suppressed due to decreased oxygenation.
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| show | S3 and S4 heart sounds
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| show | The sounds reflect the resistance of ventricular filling. the walls of the ventricle actually vibrate during filling.
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| show | decrease cerebral perfusion-cerebral blood flow is diminished.
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| show | Increased Blood Volume.
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| show | The renin angiotensin system increases salt and water retention which increases the workload of the heart.
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| show | Right Ventricular Heart Failure.
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| show | left sided heart failure.-leads to increased workload of the Rt. ventricle to pump blood into an already congested lungs.
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| Why is large amount of blood is left in the right ventricle? | show 🗑
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| Excess blood from the right ventricle will eventually go where instead of into the lungs? | show 🗑
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| show | Peripheral edema.
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| What happen to the organs when the venous circulation become congested? | show 🗑
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| Engorged vena cavas will lead to what symptom of a client with RVCHF? | show 🗑
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| show | venouse congestion of the GI system.
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| Why do congested vena cavas affect organs so bad? | show 🗑
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| Client with RvCHF has signs of swelling to the LE, symmetrically, with pitting edema is a sign of? | show 🗑
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| When is dependent edema most prominent, why is it ususally gone by morning? | show 🗑
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| Describe pitting edema. | show 🗑
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| show | Pitting edema.
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| show | To improve the pumping action of the heart and reduce myocardial workload.
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