Auburn Chapter 12
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| 1. Avery’s experiments showed that bacteria are transformed by | DNA
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| 2. What did Griffith observe when he injected a mixture of heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria and live harmless bacteria into mice? | The mice developed pneumonia
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| 3. What would Hershey and Chase have concluded if both radioactive 32P and 35S were found in the bacteria in their experiment? | Both the virus’s protein coat and its DNA were injected into the bacteria.
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| 5. Which of the following is a nucleotide found in DNA? | deoxyribose + phosphate group + cytosine
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| 6. Because of base pairing in DNA, the percentage of | pyrimidines in DNA is about equal to the percentage of purines.
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| 7. In eukaryotes, DNA | is located in the nucleus.
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| 8. During mitosis, the | nucleosomes become more tightly packed.
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| 9. Which of the following include all the others? | chromosomes
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| 10. DNA is copied during a process called | replication.
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| 11. DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, | each with one new strand and one original strand.
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| 12. During DNA replication, a DNA strand that has the bases CTAGGT produces a strand with the bases | GATCCA
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| 13. RNA contains the sugar | ribose
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| 14. Unlike DNA, RNA contains | uracil
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| 15. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA? | phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
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| 16. How many main types of RNA are there? | 3
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| 17. Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis? | messenger RNA, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA
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| 18. Which of the following are copied from DNA? | mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
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| 19. What is produced during transcription? | RNA molecules
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| 20. During transcription, an RNA molecule is formed | inside the nucleus
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| 21. Which of the following statements is true? | Introns are sequences of DNA
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| 23. How many codons are needed to specify three amino acids? | 3
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| 24. Why is it possible for an amino acid to be specified by more than one kind of codon? | There are 64 different kinds of codons but only 20 amino acids
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| 25. What happens during the process of translation? | The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
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| 26. Which of the following terms is LEAST closely related to the others? | intron
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| 27. During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the | codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
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| 28. Genes contain instructions for assembling | proteins
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| 29. Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint of the genetic code? | mRNA
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| 30. Which of the following statements is false? | The instructions for making some proteins are not specified by genes.
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| 31. A mutation that involves one or a few nucleotides is called a(an) | point mutation
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| 32. Which of the following is NOT a gene mutation? | inversion
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| 33. Which of the following is NEVER a frameshift mutation? | substitution
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| 34. A promoter is a | binding site for RNA polymerase
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| 35. Which of the following statements is true? | Proteins that bind to regulatory sites on DNA determine whether a gene is expressed.
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| 36. If a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell, the gene for that protein is | turned on and off at different times
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| 37. In E. coli, the lac operon controls the | breakdown of lactose
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| 38. A lac repressor turns off the lac genes by | binding to the operator.
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| 39. When E. coli is grown on glucose, | the lac repressor binds to the operator of the lac operon.
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| 40. Which of the following is NOT generally part of a eukaryotic gene? | operon
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| 41. Gene regulation in eukaryotes | allows for cell specialization.
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| 42. Specialized cells regulate the expression of genes because they | do not need the proteins that are specified by certain genes.
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| 43. Hox genes determine an animal’s | basic body plan.
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| 44. Which of the following statements is false? | Hox genes that are found in different animals are very different from each other.
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| 45. Hox genes | determine the location of a dog’s ears.
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| 46. The replication of a DNA molecule results in four copies of the same gene. | False
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| 47. DNA is tightly wrapped around nucleosomes. | False
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| 48.In eukaryotes, DNA replication proceeds in one direction along the DNA molecule. | False
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| 49. If a nucleic acid contains uracil, it is DNA. | False
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| 50. The nitrogenous bases in RNA are able to form hydrogen bonds with each other. | True
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| 51. During DNA replication, only one strand of DNA serves as a template. | False
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| 52. A codon consists of four nucleotides. | False
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| 53. The anticodon AGA is complementary to the codon TCT. | False
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| 54. Genes determine a person’s eye color by coding for nitrogenous bases that affect eye color. | False
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| 55. DNA codes for DNA polymerase. | True
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| 56. Without regulatory sites, the expression of a gene would not be controlled. | True
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| 57. In prokaryotes, an operon is a group of genes that are operated together. | True
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| 58. Gene regulation in eukaryotes is less complex than in prokaryotes. | False
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| 59. The TATA box in eukaryotes helps to ensure transcription. | True
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| 60. In fruit flies, the hox gene that controls the development of the wings is located before the hox gene that controls the development of the eye and before the hox gene that controls the development of the abdomen. | False
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| 61. The structure labeled X in Figure 12–1 is a(an) | nucleotide
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| 62. The Watson and Crick model of DNA is a(an) _________________________, in which two strands are wound around each other. | double helix
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| 63. Chromatin contains proteins called | histones
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| 64. In RNA, ____________________ and ____________________ are pyrimidines. | cytosine, uracil
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| 65. In Figure 12–3, A, B, and C are three types of | RNA
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| 66. During transcription, the _________________________ between base pairs are broken. | hydrogen bonds
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| 67. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ____________________ in proteins. | amino acids
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| 68. There is no ____________________ that is specified by a stop codon on an mRNA molecule. | amino acid
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| 69. The ____________________ of a tRNA molecule determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA. | anticodon
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| 70. Suppose that part of an amino acid sequence of a protein changed from tyrosine-proline-glycine-alanine to tyrosine-histidine-glycine-alanine. This change was most likely caused by a point mutation called a(an) | substitution
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| 71. A point mutation will cause the cell to make an incomplete polypeptide if the mutation results in a(an) | stop codon
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| 72. A typical gene consists of regulatory sites, a(an) ____________________, and the nucleotide sequence that is transcribed. | promoter
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| 73. The lac repressor releases the operator in the presence of | lactose
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| 74. In eukaryotes, proteins that attract RNA polymerase bind to ____________________ sequences in DNA. | enhancer
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| 4. Figure 12–1 shows the structure of a(an) | DNA molecule.
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| 22. What does Figure 12–2 show? | the genetic code
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