Anglo-Saxon Literature
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| "Venerable" means | old, wise, respected
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| Venerable Bede today is | Saint Bede
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| Bede's parents dropped him off at the monastery at age | 7
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| To explain why he never saw his family again, Bede concocted a story that | his parents were killed by Vikings
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| Bede spoke/wrote fluently | 8 languages
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| Bede was known as | the greatest scholar of his age
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| Bede popularized the usage of | BC/AD historical dating
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| Today, BC/AD dating is often referred to as | BCE/CE
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| Bede also encouraged this practice when researching a topic: | doublechecking your sources
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| The first writer in English we know by name is | Caedmon
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| Caedmon was | a laybrother, later a monk, at a monastery
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| Caedmon couldn't really | sing
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| When it came his turn to entertain like a scop, Caedmon would | run away
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| One time Caedmon, rather than sing, escaped to a | stable
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| Why did Bede use the word 'stable' instead of 'barn'? | To indicate a miracle was to occur
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| In the stable, Caedmon dreamed or had a vision of a person who | told him to sing
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| Caedmon told his vision he couldn't | sing
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| After much argument, Caedmon discovered he could | sing
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| He demonstrated it to the monks who, to ensure it was true, gave him this test: | to make a song about a Bible verse
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| Caedmon used his gift of singing to | glorify God
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| Anglo-Saxons saw all talents as | gifts from God
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| Anglo-Saxons saw Caedmon's death as | a gift from God due to a holy life
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| Bede's book | History of the English Church and People
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| Bede's book was translated for us to read from the | Latin
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| "The Seafarer" was translated for us to read from the | Anglo-Saxon
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| How old is "The Seafarer"? | 1200 years old +
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| Who wrote "The Seafarer"? | Unknown--part of the oral tradition
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| What are the 3 reasons "The Seafarer" was kept for over a millenium? | people don't change, although fashions do; society needs the caution of the elderly & the push of the young to flourish; generations still have trouble communicating
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| A direct comparison NOT using "like," "as," or "than" | metaphor
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| A comparison using "like," "as," or "than" | simile
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| Rhythm | meter
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| 4 beats in a line | Tetrameter, the Anglo-Saxon rhythm
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| Helped scops memorize material | meter and alliteration
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| He performed songs, jokes, stories after dinner | a scop
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| repeating consonant sounds in lines of poetry | alliteration
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| modern definition of a caesura | dramatic pause, emphasizing whatever follows
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| giving human characteristics to nonhumans | personification
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| a word that, when pronounced, makes the sound it names | onomatopoeia
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| a breathing space in a line of poetry | caesura
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| how many caesuras did the Anglo-Saxons have in a line of poetry? | 2
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| We've kept the negative form of a word, but the positive form has been dropped | lost positive
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| a metaphoric renaming of something, to emphasize it or make it seem more important | kenning
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| an important part of AS life | the sea
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| how many voices in "The Seafarer"? | 2--the old sailor and the young one
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| What is a seafarer? | sailor
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| Who wrote BEOWULF? | Unknown author--part of oral tradition
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| What was BEOWULF's setting? | 6th century Scandinavia
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| What is an epic? | A long narrative told in lofty language about a central hero saving nations, with good v. evil as its theme, and supernatural elements
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| The #1 Anglo-Saxon classic | BEOWULF
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| BEOWULF is this kind of poem-- | a pagan story with Christian elements added by the monks who wrote it down
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| Beowulf | is the ideal Anglo-Saxon hero
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| Hrothgar | is the Danish/Jutish king
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| Herot | is the mead hall
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| English Literature is said to begin with this--and so, in a way, does American literature | BEOWULF
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| Wealtheow & the water hag | the only 2 women in BEOWULF
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| Beowulf's tribe | Geats (Swedes)
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| What is ironic about BEOWULF? | Doesn't mention Britain, and isn't Anglo-Saxon at all, but Jutish
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| wine-proud, cold seed, ring-giver, whale road, swan road, wound dew & wave rider are all examples of | kennings
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| Written exaggeration | hyperbole
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| immediate renaming of a noun or pronoun (offset by commas) | appositives
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| jealous of the parties | Grendel's motivation
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| How many years did Grendel attack Herot? | 12
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| How many men did he take per night? | 30
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| BEOWULF, "Seafarer," Venerable Bede and the story of Caedmon, "The Wanderer" | you must know the plot and content of all these
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| This short technique was used by the scops to remind listeners of information already told in the story--and to avoid interruptions | appositive
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| This summarizes "our story thus far"--to help avoid interruptions as the scop tells the tale | reiteration
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| The elders of Beowulf's tribe | checked the omens, & told him to go
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| All Anglo-Saxon heroes | constantly tested themselves with new challenges
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| How many men did Beowulf take with him? | 14
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| "If you can do it, it's not bragging" | the Anglo-Saxon attitude towards heroes
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| When Beowulf meets Hrothgar, he gives a | verbal resume
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| The purpose of the verbal resume is to | let Hrothgar give him the job of saving the Jutes
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| What does Grendel do first the night he comes to Herot? | He eats one of Beowulf's men.
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| What does Beowulf vow to do? | Not use weapons, because Grendel doesn't use them
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| What does Beowulf ask Hrothgar as a special request? | Let only Beowulf & his men be in Herot that night
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| What does Beowulf say about the possibility that he might die? | Send my armor, etc., back home
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| What 2 moves does Beowulf put on Grendel first? | Bends back his claw; then crushes both claws in his hands
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| What does Beowulf's men do? | They try to help with their swords.
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| Why are the men's swords useless? | Grendel has put a spell on all weapons so they cannot hurt him.
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| How does Beowulf kill Grendel? | Rips his arm off
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| What happens to Grendel's arm? | It is hung up as a war trophy.
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| Symbolic of hell, and of being an outcast | the cave where Grendel & his mum live
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| Why does Grendel's mother return to Herot? | To claim her son's arm
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| What happens when Grendel's mother returns? | She kills the king's friend.
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| Beowulf is weaker in his fight with Grendel's mother because | just 50 hours earlier, he had fought and killed Grendel
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| Why is Hrunting of no help to Beowulf in the fight with Grendel's mother? | The weapons are magicked against hurting her, too.
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| How does Beowulf kill Grendel's mum? | Beheads her
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| With what does Beowulf kill Grendel's mum? | with a giant's sword
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| What trophies does Beowulf take back up to the Jutes? | Grendel's head and the hilt of the sword
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| What happened to the giant's sword blade? | It melted in Grendel's blood.
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| What does Beowulf do to the dead Grendel? | He beheads him.
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| How do the Geats and Jutes behave at the lakeside? | The Jutes give up on Beowulf; the sad Geats, however, don't.
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| Who wrote "The Wanderer"? | Unknown
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| "The Wanderer," "The Seafarer," and BEOWULF are all part of the --? | oral tradition
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| A man alone, apparently at sea, looking for a gold-lord, friends, family | "The Wanderer"
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| Themes of "The Wanderer"? | looking for meaning in our lives & finding a family & friends & career
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| Translated from Anglo-Saxon | "The Seafarer," "The Wanderer," and BEOWULF
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| Translated from Latin | Bede's story of Caedmon
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