Speech Science: Exam 1
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| ________ is the most common way in which we express our thoughts and that when we do so, we organize our speech by using the rules of language | Speech
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| Speech | An efficient system of communication requiring complex articulator gestures
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| Similar to the __________, speech is used for communication | Written language
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| Different from language, speech requires ________. Speech is tangible because it contains strings of sounds that reflect movement of articulators | Articulation
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| 1: Speech is the primary mode of communication is the ______ of speech permitted communication ______ in which a different channel, such as the gestural–visual, would fail. | Vocal– auditory channel, under conditions
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| 1: Speech is the primary mode of communication because using speech, ______ could be sent in the dark, around corners, or when visibility was limited for other reasons | Messages
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| 2: Speech is the primary mode of communication because it allows communication to occur ________ that manual tasks, such as tool making or food gathering, were being performed. | At the same time
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| 3: Speech is the primary mode of communication because of the way speech is produced by the human vocal tract, it is both ____________ | Efficient and redundant
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| 3: The _______ of speech allows conveyance of information more quickly than with other channels of communication | Efficiency
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| 3: The _______of the speech signal allows listeners to understand messages even when they are not completely heard, because of either external interference or momentary lapses of attention | Redundancy
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| 4: Speech is the primary mode of communication because there is evidence that human beings are ____________ | Genetically equipped to respond to the speech signal
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| Speech is __________. A person can easily talk nonstop for hours. | Basically effortless
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| Speech can reach _____________ | A big audience simultaneously
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| Speech can be carried through __________, and it is not blocked by buildings or dark night | Long distance
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| Signaling or gesturing needs to be seen; when there is a block, the light does not bend its way, but the ________ will | Sound waves
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| Speech is ___________(mostly by age 4), while the written language is hard to learn. Still in the world there are many illiterate that they can talk but not read or write | Easily acquired at a young age
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| Speech is complex because it is governed by ____________ | Language-specific rules and these rules are complex
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| Speech is complex because it involves numerous body parts to produce the _________, and these body parts need to be ___________________ | Speech sounds, coordinately with precise timing
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| It’s not only your tongue and lips, but about _______ muscles of the chest, neck, jaw, tongue, and lips precisely coordinated for the production of a phrase. | 100
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| ___________ of speech is also very complicated | Perception
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| ________ of speech is still a big challenge for scientists | Aquisition
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| Speech sound generation can be described as: | -Planned.
-Represented as a complex of abstract phonetic features.
-Instantiate as neural commands to articulators.
-Movements of articulators shape vocal tract.
-Shape of the vocal tract determines sound output.
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| Language | A rule- governed communication system composed of meaningful elements that can be combined in many ways to produce sentences, many of which have never been uttered by a speaker or heard by a listener
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| Language is rule-governed – we call the rules _______________. These rules differ from each other language. | Syntax, or grammar, or language format
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| Language is used by a group of people – it needs to be understood by _________. So, there are conventions | Senders and receivers
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| Language uses ______ which can be signs, sounds, gestures, etc. These symbols are not the objects per se but can be referred to the objects. | Symbols
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| Language has 5 components, what are they? | Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics
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| Phonology | A branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages
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| Morphology | The study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language. It analyzes the structure of words and parts of words, such as stems, root words, prefixes, and suffixes.
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| Syntax | The set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes
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| Semantics | The branch of linguistics that deals with the study of meaning, changes in meaning, and the principles that govern the relationship between sentences or words and their meanings
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| Pragmatics | The branch of linguistics dealing with language in use and the contexts in which it is used, including such matters as taking turns in conversation, text organization, presupposition, and implicature
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| What components of language fall under language form? | Morphology, phonology, and syntax
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| What components of language fall under language content? | Semantics
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| What components of language fall under language use | Pragmatics
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| Morphosyntax | Sometimes morphology and syntax are referred to as morphosyntax
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| Thought | Considered as the internal representation of experience
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| ______is used to express thought, e.g., your text message means what you think. But _____ does not need language because one can think with numbers, images, etc., and the result of the thinking can be expressed in numbers, images, music, signs, etc | Language, thought
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| Thought can be expressed ______ by transforming dynamic representations of chunks of speech from a buffer into audible pressure waves via a stream of coordinated movements | Orally
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Created by:
RachelJClark
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