2.01 Apparel Vocab
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| Fiber | a fine hair-like structure that can be spun into yarn and made into textile products.
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| Staple | short lengths of fibers ….1 ½ to 8 inches long.
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| Filaments | longer continuous lengths, measured in yards or meters.
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| Textile | any cloth or goods produced by weaving, knitting, or felting. Comes from the Latin word texere, which means to weave.
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| Fabric | cloth or other material produced by weaving or knitting fibers.
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| Apparel | Clothing, dress, garments or attire that people wear.
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| Natural Fiber | any hairlike raw material directly obtained from an animal, vegetable, or mineral source and convertible, after spinning into yarns can be made into woven cloth.
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| Cellulosic | made from cellulose - the fibrous substance in plant life - cotton, flax (linen) & hemp
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| Protein | come from animal sources - wool (sheep), silk (worms), angora, cashmere & mohair
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| Manufactured Fiber | man made by combining molecules of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen and carbon into staple or filament fibers - rayon, acetate, nylon, olefin, polyester, spandex, lyocell
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| Abrasion Resistance | a worn spot that can develop when fibers rub against something.
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| Pilling | tiny balls of fiber on the fabric.
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| Absorbency | ability to take in moisture
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| Durability | refers to how long you will be able to wear or use a particular garment or item.
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| Hand | the way a fiber, yarn, or fabric feels when handled.
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| Elasticity | the ability to increase in length when under tension (elongation) and then return to the original length when released (recovery)
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| Resiliency | able to spring or bounce back into shape after crushing or wrinkling.
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| Strength | ability to withstand tension or pulling.
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| Warmth | ability of a fiber to maintain body heat of wearer.
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| Wicking | ability to draw moisture away from the body so the moisture can evaporate.
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| Weave | the process of interlacing one or more sets of yarns at right angles on a loom.
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| Warp Yarns | yarns that run lengthwise (up & down) in woven fabric.
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| Weft Yarns | yarns that run crosswise in woven fabric (right to left - sound like "weft")
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| Woven Fabric | fabric formed by weaving
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| Plain Weave | The simplest weave in which the weft (crosswise) yarn is passed over then under each warp (lengthwise) yarn.
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| Twill Weave | very strong weave in which the weft yarn is passed over and under one, two or three warp yarns. This weave produces a diagonal design on the surface - denim.
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| Satin Weave | a weak weave that produces a smooth, shiny-surfaced fabric.
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| Grain | the direction of the lengthwise and crosswise yarns in a woven fabric
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| Bias | the diagonal grain of a fabric. The bias provides the greatest stretch in a woven fabric.
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| Pile | the raised surface or nap of a fabric, which is made of upright loops or strands of yarn.
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| Knit | the process of pulling loops of yarns through other loops to create interlocking rows of stitches.
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| Wales | yarns that run in the lengthwise direction, like a warp yarn in woven fabrics
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| Courses | yarns that run in the crosswise direction, like the weft yarns in woven fabrics
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| Weft Knit | knit made with only one yarn
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| Warp Knit | a knit made with several yarns on flat knitting machines. Multiple yarns are looped together to produce a run-resistant knitted fabric.
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| Seamless Knitting | involves the production of a whole garment in one piece on a knitting machine so little to no sewing is required.
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| Nonwoven Fabric | fabrics made from fibers not yarns. The fibers are held together by a combination of moisture, heat, chemicals and/or pressure.
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