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Coal, Natural Gas, Oil

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Term
Definition
coal   a black or brownish-black combustible rock used as a fuel, formed from decomposed plants  
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underground mining   extraction of minerals or resources by digging beneath the Earth's surface  
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surface mining   extraction of minerals or resources from the Earth's surface  
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acid rain   rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, causing environmental harm  
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smog   a type of air pollution caused by a mixture of smoke and fog, often from burning fossil fuels  
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particulates   tiny particles suspended in the air, often pollutants from combustion processes  
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petroleum   a thick, black liquid composed of hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in the production of oil  
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crude   unrefined petroleum, extracted directly from natural sources  
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hydrocarbons   organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms  
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well   a hole drilled in the earth for extracting natural resources like water, oil, or gas  
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pipeline   a long network of pipes used to transport liquids or gases over great distances  
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refinery   an industrial facility where oil is processed and purified  
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refining   Process to remove impurities or unwanted elements.  
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natural gas   a gaseous fossil fuel consisting mainly of methane, used for heating and electricity  
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methane   the main component of natural gas, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas (CH4)  
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hydrocarbons   organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon (found in fossil fuels)  
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dry gas   natural gas that is primarily composed of methane  
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wet gas   natural gas that contains other hydrocarbons in addition to methane  
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cap rock   an impermeable layer of rock that traps oil, gas, or water in an underground reservoir  
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reservoir   a supply of oil or natural gas found underground  
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pores   tiny spaces in rocks that can hold fluids like water, oil, or natural gas  
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fracking   a method to extract natural gas from underground rock formations by injecting high-pressure fluid to fractures in the rock  
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