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coal
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underground mining
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Fossil Fuels

Coal, Natural Gas, Oil

TermDefinition
coal a black or brownish-black combustible rock used as a fuel, formed from decomposed plants
underground mining extraction of minerals or resources by digging beneath the Earth's surface
surface mining extraction of minerals or resources from the Earth's surface
acid rain rainfall made acidic by atmospheric pollution, causing environmental harm
smog a type of air pollution caused by a mixture of smoke and fog, often from burning fossil fuels
particulates tiny particles suspended in the air, often pollutants from combustion processes
petroleum a thick, black liquid composed of hydrocarbons, used as fuel and in the production of oil
crude unrefined petroleum, extracted directly from natural sources
hydrocarbons organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms
well a hole drilled in the earth for extracting natural resources like water, oil, or gas
pipeline a long network of pipes used to transport liquids or gases over great distances
refinery an industrial facility where oil is processed and purified
refining Process to remove impurities or unwanted elements.
natural gas a gaseous fossil fuel consisting mainly of methane, used for heating and electricity
methane the main component of natural gas, a colorless, odorless, flammable gas (CH4)
hydrocarbons organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon (found in fossil fuels)
dry gas natural gas that is primarily composed of methane
wet gas natural gas that contains other hydrocarbons in addition to methane
cap rock an impermeable layer of rock that traps oil, gas, or water in an underground reservoir
reservoir a supply of oil or natural gas found underground
pores tiny spaces in rocks that can hold fluids like water, oil, or natural gas
fracking a method to extract natural gas from underground rock formations by injecting high-pressure fluid to fractures in the rock
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