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anatomy 1

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Answer
show The scientific study of muscles.  
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Skeletal Muscle Tissue   show
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue   show
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show The heart beats because it has a pacemaker that initiates each contraction. A built in rhythm.Several hormones and neurotransmitters can adjust heart rate by speeding or slowing the pacemaker.  
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show Located in the walls of hollow internal structures, such as blood vessels, airways, and most organs in the abdominopelvic cavity. Also found in the skin, attached to hair follicles.  
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show Movements of the whole body such as walking and running,and localized movements such as grasping a pencil or nodding the head as a result of muscular contractions, rely on the integrated functioning of skeletal muscles, bones, and joints.  
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show Skeletal muscle contractions stabilize joints and help maintain body positions such as standing or sitting. Postural muscles contract continuously when you are awake: for example, sustained contractions of your neck muscles hold your head upright.  
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Storing and Moving Substances Within The Body   show
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Thermogenesis   show
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show A property of both muscle and nerve cells,the ability to respond to certain stimuli by producing electrical signals called action potentials.  
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Contractility   show
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show The ability of muscular tissue to stretch without being damaged.  
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Elasticity   show
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Muscle Fibers   show
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Subcutaneous Layer   show
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Epimysium   show
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show Surrounds groups of 10-100 or more muscle fibers,seperating them into bundles called fascicles.  
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show The Seperation of muscle fibers, large enough to be seen with the naked eye.  
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Endomysium   show
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Tendon   show
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show When the connective tissue elements extend as a broad, flat layer (tendon)  
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Tendon (synovial) Sheats   show
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Hypertrophy   show
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show Increase in the number of fibers.  
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show The replacement of muscle fibers by fibrous scar tissue.  
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show The plasma membrane of a muscle cell.  
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show Thousands of tiny invaginations of the sarcolemma.  
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show The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber.Includes a substantial amount of glycogen.  
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show Red-colored protein inside the sarcoplasm.This protein found only in muscle,binds oxygen molecules that diffuse into muscle fibers from interstitial fluid.  
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Myofibrils   show
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum   show
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show (reservoirs)Dilated end sas of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.  
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show A transverse tubule and the two terminal cisterns on either side of it.  
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Filaments   show
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show Is a wasting away of muscles.Individual muscle fibers decrease in size because of progressive loss of myofribils.  
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show Is an increase in the diameter of muscle fibers due to increased production of myofibrils, mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum,and other organelles.  
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show Narrow,plate-shaped regions of dense protein material, seperate one sarcomere from the next.  
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show The darker middle part of the sarcomere, extends the entire length of the thick filaments.  
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I Band   show
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show Narrow in the center of each A band contains thick but no thin filaments.  
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M Line   show
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Myosin   show
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show Main component in Z discs.Individual molecules join to form an actin filament that is twisted into a helix.  
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Tropomyosin   show
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Troponin   show
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Contraction cycle   show
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ATP hydrolysis   show
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Crossbridges   show
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show The steps that connect excistation(a muscle action potential propagating along the sarcolemma and into the T tubules)To contraction(sliding of the filaments)  
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show Inside the SR,molecules of a calcium-binding protein.  
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Length-Tension Relationship   show
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show The neurons that stimulate skeletal muscle fibers to contract.  
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show The synapse between a somatic motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber.  
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show A region where communication occurs between two neurons,or between a neuron and a target cell in this case,between a somatic motor neuron and a muscle fiber.  
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show At most synapses a small gap,seperates the two cells.  
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Neurotransmitter   show
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Synaptic Vesicles   show
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Acetylcholine(ACh)   show
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show This enzyme is attached to collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix of synaptic cleft.  
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Creatine Phosphate   show
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show A small amino acid like molecule that is syntesized in the liver,kidneys,and pancreas and then trasported to muscle fibers.  
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show A series of ATP producing reactions that do not require oxygen.  
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show A series of oxygen-requiring reactions that produce ATP in mitochondria.  
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Muscle Fatigue   show
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show Refers to the added oxygen over and above the resting oxygen consumption that is taken into the body after exercise.  
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Recovery Oxygen Uptake   show
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Motor Unit   show
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Twitch Contraction   show
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show The record of a muscle contraction.  
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Latent Period   show
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show Second phase, last 10-100 msec. During This time Ca2+ binds to troponin,myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed and cross bridges form.  
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Relaxation Period   show
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Refractory Period   show
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show Phenomenon in which stimuli arriving at different times cause larger contractions.  
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show When a skeletal muscle fiber is stimulated at a rate of 20-30 times per second,it can only partially relax between stimuli.The result is a sustained but wavering contrations.  
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show When a skeletal muscle fiber is stimulated at a higher rate of 80-100 times per second,it does not relax at all.A sustained contraction in which individual twitches cannot be detected.  
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show The Process in which the number of active motor units increases.  
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Muscle Tone   show
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Flaccid   show
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show The tension developed by the muscle remains almost constant while the muscle changes its length.  
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show If the tension generated is great enough to overcome the resistance of the object to be move the muscle shortens and pulls on another structure such as a tendon to produce movement and to reduce the angle at a joint.  
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show When the length of a muscle increases during a contraction.  
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show The tension generated is not enough to exceed the resistance of the object to be moved and the muscle does not change its length.  
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show Smallest in diameter and thus are the least powerful type of muscle fibers.They appear dark red because they contain large amounts of myoglobin and many blood capillaries.  
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Fast Oxidative-glycolytie(FOG) fibers   show
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Fast Glicolytic(FG) Fibers   show
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Cardiac Muscle Tissue   show
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Cardiac Muscle Fibers   show
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show Like cardiac muscle tissue,its usually activated involuntarily.  
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Visceral(single-unit)smooth muscle tissue   show
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show The second type of smooth muscle tissue,consist of individual fibers, each with its own motor neuron terminals and with few gap junctions between neighboring fibers.  
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Caveolae   show
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Dense Bodies   show
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show In one such mechanism, aregulatory protein binds to Ca2+ in the cytosol.  
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show A state of continued partial contraction.  
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show Allows smooth muscle to undergo great changes in length while retaining the ability to contract effectively.  
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show As this develops it becomes arranged in dense columns on either side of the developing nervous system.  
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Myotome   show
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Deratome   show
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Sclerotome   show
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show Cardiac muscle and Smooth muscle develops from these cells. They migrate to and evelop the developing heart while itis still the form of endocardial heart tubes:they migrate to and evelop the developing gastrointestinal tract and viscera.  
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