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Meteorology final exam

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
The relative humidity within a cloud is ____100%   about  
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A mountain wave cloud is a   altocumulus lenticularis  
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Which cloud type is the warmest   stratus  
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Fog formed when warm humid air streams over the cold surface of a lake is called   advection fog  
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Nearby objects fixed on the ground, such as buildings or smokestaks, reflect radar signals. such radar echoes constitute   ground clutter  
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What type of cloud does NOT have a low base   cirrus  
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Which cloud is most likely composed of ice crystals only   cirrus  
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Fog formed when cold dry air streams over the surface of a relatively warm body of water is known as   steam fog  
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Most precipitation that falls in midaltitudes orignates in what type of cloud   cold  
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a warm cloud is composed of   tiny water droplets  
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An example of a cloud that is always cold is   cirrus  
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Which type of cloud would be most likely responsible for heavy rain   cumulonimbus  
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The convective condensation level closely corresponds in altitude to the base of what type of cloud   cumulonimbus  
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Which is most likely to be a warm cloud   stratus  
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The type of frozen precipitation sometimes produced by a summer thunderstorm   hail  
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The activation temperature of the most ice-forming nuclei is   well below 0 C.  
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A cloud that develops as a consequence of local convetion is   cumulonimbus  
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Which precipitation has the greatest terminal velocity   hailstone  
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A cloud that may be cold at the top and warm at low levels   cumulonimbus  
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Drizzle may be produced by what type of clouds   stratus  
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At the equator the Coriolis effect   is zero  
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Geostropic winds are   un-accelerated, horizontal movment of air that follows a straight path  
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A weak tornado is included in a   microscale system  
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In a geostropic wind, the horizontal pressure gradient is balanced by   the Coriolis effect  
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The pressure gradient force always acts directly across isobars towards   low pressure  
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The movement of air measured realtive to Earth's surface is known as   wind  
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What is numerically equivalent to a force per unit mass   acceleration  
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In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts   to the right of the direction of motion  
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A hurricane is included in what type of system   synoptic scale  
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The surface air pressure is higher in   an anticyclone  
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The surface air pressure is lower in   a cyclone  
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The Coriolis Effect arises from the fact that   Earth rotates  
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The Coriolis effect produces its maximum deflection at   the poles  
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In the southern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts   to the left of the direction of motion  
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From largest to smallest, the scales of atmospheric circulation are desginated   planetary, synoptic, meso, micro  
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What the horizontal air pressure gradient is zero over a broad region,   the air is calm  
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Air that blows from the land to the sea typicaly undergoes horizonal ____ near the coastline   divergence  
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Air that blows from the sea to land typically undergoes horizontal ____ near the coastline   convergence  
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Horizontal winds are always named for the direction ___ they blow   from which  
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The trade winds in the two hemispheres converge in the   doldrums  
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A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that contrast in   temperature and or humidity  
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What type of low pattern occurs when masses of cold air surge southward and warm air streams northward   medidional  
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A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air trough   east  
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What type of flow pattern is when the north-south exchange of air masses is minimul   zonal  
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An a typical day how many Rossby long-waves encircle the globe   2-5  
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An extreme and persistant El Nino   may be accompanied by weather extremes in various parts of the world  
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Where is the Icelandic low located   on average about 60 degrees N latitude over the North Atlantic  
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The western flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by   relatively unstable air  
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Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow   clockwise and outward  
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Viewed from above in the Southern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow   counterclockwise and outward  
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A blocking circulation pattern during the summer of 1993 was responsible for what in the midwest   flooding  
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The average winter location of the polar front jet stream   southern United States  
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The average summer location of the polar front jet stream   southern Canada  
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In the Midwest, drought is most likely what type of circulation pattern in the westerlies   blocking  
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The eastern flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by   dry climates  
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Long waves in the westerlies undergo changes in   wavelength, amplitude, number of waves  
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The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ)   discontinuous low pressure belt with thunderstorms paralleling the equator  
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A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air ridge   west  
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The Bermuda high is located   on average about 30 degrees N latitude over the Atlantic Ocean  
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Ahead of a surface warm front the intial wispy couds are called   cirrus  
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The warmest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually   southeast of the cyclone center  
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When land and water are exposed to the same intensity of solar radiation, the land heats up ____the water   more than  
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In equal volumes, which air masses exerts the highest surface air pressure   A  
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Usually air mass modification is most rapid when   continental polar air moves over bare ground  
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The type of front formed when the leading edge of cold air merges with a warm front is known as   an occluded front  
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In a wave cyclone, fog is most likely to develop   just ahead of the surface warm front  
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The coldest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually   northwest of the cyclone center  
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An intense synoptic scale cyclone tracks up the Mississippi River Valley and passes west of Chicago. As the cold front sweeps through Chicago, the wind shifts from the south to the   southwest  
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A type of cloud associated with fast moving well defined cold front   cumulonimbus  
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Cold fronts travel _____ warm fronts   faster than  
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Precipitation tends to be steady and prolonged to the ______sector of a wave cyclone   northeast  
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What is the surface wind direction in the northwest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone   northwest  
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Most major winter storms that affect the St. Louis area follow which cyclone track?   Colorado  
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A source region for maritime tropical air is   tropical and subtropical ocean  
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Warm and humid air is   mT  
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What is a Native American word that, according to tradition, means snoweater   Chinook  
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In winter, continental polar air is ____ maritime polar air   colder than  
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Contrasting air masses are brought together to form fronts by surface winds around centers of   low pressure  
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An example of a cold-core anticyclone is   an artic high  
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Violent weather is most likely to occur during the   mature stage  
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A severe thunderstom may be accompanied by   hail, damaging surface winds, frequent lightning  
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A feature sometimes present in thunderstorms that may prolong the mature stage is   a tilted updraft  
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In the United States, tornadoes are most often triggered by   cyclones  
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The mature stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by   both updrafts and downdrafts  
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The dissipating stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by   downdrafts only  
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A thunderstom cloud   cumulonimbus  
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A gust front is associated with an   intense thunderstorm  
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In the United States, thunderstorms are most frequent in   central Florida  
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Hail is most likely to be produced by thunderstorm cells that are characterized by   strong updrafts, great vertical development, an abundant supply of supercooled water droplets  
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The anvil of a thunderstorm cloud is likely to be   a cold cloud composed of ice crystals  
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As a general rule of thumb, the higher the top of a cumulonimbus cloud the   more severe the thunderstorm cell  
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Microbursts are particularly dangerous for aircraft on takeoff or landing because they trigger   wind shear  
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A tornadic circulation that remains aloft and does not touch the Earth's surface is known as a   funnel cloud  
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A mesoscale convective complex (MCC)   consists of numerous interacting thunderstorm cells  
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Typically, all tornadoes that occur each year in the US are rated as   weak on the F-scale  
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The most intense tornadoes are rated   5 on the F-scale  
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Over the course of a year, which state will likely experience the most tornadoes   Kansas  
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In the United States, the months of peak tornado activity are   April, May, June  
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Typical weather within the eye of a hurricane consists of   fair skies and light winds  
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Hurricanes do not form at latitude 30 degrees N because   the surface ocean water is too cold  
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Most hurricane related fatalities are caused by   coastal and inland flooding  
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It is _____ for tornadoes to accompany hurricanes   usual  
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Usually the most destructive aspect of a hurricane is   storm surge  
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The source of energy that sustains a hurricane circulation is   latent heat  
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A hurricane breeding ground   Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Mexico  
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Hurricane winds _____ as the storm moves over land   weaken rapidly  
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The first sign that a hurricane may be developing over tropical seas is the appearance of   an organized cluster of cumulonimbus clouds  
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The most hurricane prone location in the US is   Key West, Florida  
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The highest wind speeds in a hurricane occur   in the eye wall  
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The central pressure is _____ in a hurricane than in a typical midlatitude cyclone   lower  
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The major source of energy in a hurricane is   release of latent heat of vaporization  
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Sustained surface winds in a hurricane are   greater than 74 mi per hour  
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Most Northern Hemisphere hurricanes occur from   June through Novemeber  
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The eye of a hurricane typically   shrinks in diameter as a hurricane intensifies, features subsiding air, is surrounded by a ring of cumulonimbus clouds  
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As a hurricane tracks inland,   its wind diminishes, central pressure rises, and rains continue  
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When a hurricane threatens low lying coastal areas, the most prudent strategy for residents is to   evacuate to an inland shelter  
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When wind speeds reach 39 mi per hour the system is classified as a   tropical storm  
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