Meteorology final exam
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The relative humidity within a cloud is ____100% | about
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A mountain wave cloud is a | altocumulus lenticularis
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Which cloud type is the warmest | stratus
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Fog formed when warm humid air streams over the cold surface of a lake is called | advection fog
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Nearby objects fixed on the ground, such as buildings or smokestaks, reflect radar signals. such radar echoes constitute | ground clutter
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What type of cloud does NOT have a low base | cirrus
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Which cloud is most likely composed of ice crystals only | cirrus
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Fog formed when cold dry air streams over the surface of a relatively warm body of water is known as | steam fog
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Most precipitation that falls in midaltitudes orignates in what type of cloud | cold
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a warm cloud is composed of | tiny water droplets
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An example of a cloud that is always cold is | cirrus
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Which type of cloud would be most likely responsible for heavy rain | cumulonimbus
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The convective condensation level closely corresponds in altitude to the base of what type of cloud | cumulonimbus
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Which is most likely to be a warm cloud | stratus
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The type of frozen precipitation sometimes produced by a summer thunderstorm | hail
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The activation temperature of the most ice-forming nuclei is | well below 0 C.
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A cloud that develops as a consequence of local convetion is | cumulonimbus
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Which precipitation has the greatest terminal velocity | hailstone
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A cloud that may be cold at the top and warm at low levels | cumulonimbus
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Drizzle may be produced by what type of clouds | stratus
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At the equator the Coriolis effect | is zero
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Geostropic winds are | un-accelerated, horizontal movment of air that follows a straight path
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A weak tornado is included in a | microscale system
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In a geostropic wind, the horizontal pressure gradient is balanced by | the Coriolis effect
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The pressure gradient force always acts directly across isobars towards | low pressure
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The movement of air measured realtive to Earth's surface is known as | wind
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What is numerically equivalent to a force per unit mass | acceleration
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In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts | to the right of the direction of motion
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A hurricane is included in what type of system | synoptic scale
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The surface air pressure is higher in | an anticyclone
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The surface air pressure is lower in | a cyclone
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The Coriolis Effect arises from the fact that | Earth rotates
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The Coriolis effect produces its maximum deflection at | the poles
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In the southern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts | to the left of the direction of motion
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From largest to smallest, the scales of atmospheric circulation are desginated | planetary, synoptic, meso, micro
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What the horizontal air pressure gradient is zero over a broad region, | the air is calm
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Air that blows from the land to the sea typicaly undergoes horizonal ____ near the coastline | divergence
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Air that blows from the sea to land typically undergoes horizontal ____ near the coastline | convergence
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Horizontal winds are always named for the direction ___ they blow | from which
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The trade winds in the two hemispheres converge in the | doldrums
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A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that contrast in | temperature and or humidity
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What type of low pattern occurs when masses of cold air surge southward and warm air streams northward | medidional
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A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air trough | east
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What type of flow pattern is when the north-south exchange of air masses is minimul | zonal
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An a typical day how many Rossby long-waves encircle the globe | 2-5
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An extreme and persistant El Nino | may be accompanied by weather extremes in various parts of the world
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Where is the Icelandic low located | on average about 60 degrees N latitude over the North Atlantic
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The western flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by | relatively unstable air
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Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow | clockwise and outward
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Viewed from above in the Southern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow | counterclockwise and outward
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A blocking circulation pattern during the summer of 1993 was responsible for what in the midwest | flooding
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The average winter location of the polar front jet stream | southern United States
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The average summer location of the polar front jet stream | southern Canada
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In the Midwest, drought is most likely what type of circulation pattern in the westerlies | blocking
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The eastern flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by | dry climates
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Long waves in the westerlies undergo changes in | wavelength, amplitude, number of waves
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The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) | discontinuous low pressure belt with thunderstorms paralleling the equator
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A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air ridge | west
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The Bermuda high is located | on average about 30 degrees N latitude over the Atlantic Ocean
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Ahead of a surface warm front the intial wispy couds are called | cirrus
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The warmest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually | southeast of the cyclone center
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When land and water are exposed to the same intensity of solar radiation, the land heats up ____the water | more than
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In equal volumes, which air masses exerts the highest surface air pressure | A
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Usually air mass modification is most rapid when | continental polar air moves over bare ground
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The type of front formed when the leading edge of cold air merges with a warm front is known as | an occluded front
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In a wave cyclone, fog is most likely to develop | just ahead of the surface warm front
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The coldest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually | northwest of the cyclone center
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An intense synoptic scale cyclone tracks up the Mississippi River Valley and passes west of Chicago. As the cold front sweeps through Chicago, the wind shifts from the south to the | southwest
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A type of cloud associated with fast moving well defined cold front | cumulonimbus
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Cold fronts travel _____ warm fronts | faster than
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Precipitation tends to be steady and prolonged to the ______sector of a wave cyclone | northeast
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What is the surface wind direction in the northwest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone | northwest
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Most major winter storms that affect the St. Louis area follow which cyclone track? | Colorado
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A source region for maritime tropical air is | tropical and subtropical ocean
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Warm and humid air is | mT
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What is a Native American word that, according to tradition, means snoweater | Chinook
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In winter, continental polar air is ____ maritime polar air | colder than
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Contrasting air masses are brought together to form fronts by surface winds around centers of | low pressure
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An example of a cold-core anticyclone is | an artic high
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Violent weather is most likely to occur during the | mature stage
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A severe thunderstom may be accompanied by | hail, damaging surface winds, frequent lightning
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A feature sometimes present in thunderstorms that may prolong the mature stage is | a tilted updraft
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In the United States, tornadoes are most often triggered by | cyclones
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The mature stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by | both updrafts and downdrafts
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The dissipating stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by | downdrafts only
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A thunderstom cloud | cumulonimbus
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A gust front is associated with an | intense thunderstorm
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In the United States, thunderstorms are most frequent in | central Florida
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Hail is most likely to be produced by thunderstorm cells that are characterized by | strong updrafts, great vertical development, an abundant supply of supercooled water droplets
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The anvil of a thunderstorm cloud is likely to be | a cold cloud composed of ice crystals
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As a general rule of thumb, the higher the top of a cumulonimbus cloud the | more severe the thunderstorm cell
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Microbursts are particularly dangerous for aircraft on takeoff or landing because they trigger | wind shear
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A tornadic circulation that remains aloft and does not touch the Earth's surface is known as a | funnel cloud
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A mesoscale convective complex (MCC) | consists of numerous interacting thunderstorm cells
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Typically, all tornadoes that occur each year in the US are rated as | weak on the F-scale
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The most intense tornadoes are rated | 5 on the F-scale
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Over the course of a year, which state will likely experience the most tornadoes | Kansas
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In the United States, the months of peak tornado activity are | April, May, June
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Typical weather within the eye of a hurricane consists of | fair skies and light winds
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Hurricanes do not form at latitude 30 degrees N because | the surface ocean water is too cold
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Most hurricane related fatalities are caused by | coastal and inland flooding
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It is _____ for tornadoes to accompany hurricanes | usual
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Usually the most destructive aspect of a hurricane is | storm surge
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The source of energy that sustains a hurricane circulation is | latent heat
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A hurricane breeding ground | Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Mexico
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Hurricane winds _____ as the storm moves over land | weaken rapidly
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The first sign that a hurricane may be developing over tropical seas is the appearance of | an organized cluster of cumulonimbus clouds
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The most hurricane prone location in the US is | Key West, Florida
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The highest wind speeds in a hurricane occur | in the eye wall
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The central pressure is _____ in a hurricane than in a typical midlatitude cyclone | lower
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The major source of energy in a hurricane is | release of latent heat of vaporization
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Sustained surface winds in a hurricane are | greater than 74 mi per hour
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Most Northern Hemisphere hurricanes occur from | June through Novemeber
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The eye of a hurricane typically | shrinks in diameter as a hurricane intensifies, features subsiding air, is surrounded by a ring of cumulonimbus clouds
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As a hurricane tracks inland, | its wind diminishes, central pressure rises, and rains continue
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When a hurricane threatens low lying coastal areas, the most prudent strategy for residents is to | evacuate to an inland shelter
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When wind speeds reach 39 mi per hour the system is classified as a | tropical storm
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