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Meteorology Final 2
Meteorology final exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The relative humidity within a cloud is ____100% | about |
| A mountain wave cloud is a | altocumulus lenticularis |
| Which cloud type is the warmest | stratus |
| Fog formed when warm humid air streams over the cold surface of a lake is called | advection fog |
| Nearby objects fixed on the ground, such as buildings or smokestaks, reflect radar signals. such radar echoes constitute | ground clutter |
| What type of cloud does NOT have a low base | cirrus |
| Which cloud is most likely composed of ice crystals only | cirrus |
| Fog formed when cold dry air streams over the surface of a relatively warm body of water is known as | steam fog |
| Most precipitation that falls in midaltitudes orignates in what type of cloud | cold |
| a warm cloud is composed of | tiny water droplets |
| An example of a cloud that is always cold is | cirrus |
| Which type of cloud would be most likely responsible for heavy rain | cumulonimbus |
| The convective condensation level closely corresponds in altitude to the base of what type of cloud | cumulonimbus |
| Which is most likely to be a warm cloud | stratus |
| The type of frozen precipitation sometimes produced by a summer thunderstorm | hail |
| The activation temperature of the most ice-forming nuclei is | well below 0 C. |
| A cloud that develops as a consequence of local convetion is | cumulonimbus |
| Which precipitation has the greatest terminal velocity | hailstone |
| A cloud that may be cold at the top and warm at low levels | cumulonimbus |
| Drizzle may be produced by what type of clouds | stratus |
| At the equator the Coriolis effect | is zero |
| Geostropic winds are | un-accelerated, horizontal movment of air that follows a straight path |
| A weak tornado is included in a | microscale system |
| In a geostropic wind, the horizontal pressure gradient is balanced by | the Coriolis effect |
| The pressure gradient force always acts directly across isobars towards | low pressure |
| The movement of air measured realtive to Earth's surface is known as | wind |
| What is numerically equivalent to a force per unit mass | acceleration |
| In the northern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts | to the right of the direction of motion |
| A hurricane is included in what type of system | synoptic scale |
| The surface air pressure is higher in | an anticyclone |
| The surface air pressure is lower in | a cyclone |
| The Coriolis Effect arises from the fact that | Earth rotates |
| The Coriolis effect produces its maximum deflection at | the poles |
| In the southern hemisphere, the Coriolis effect always acts | to the left of the direction of motion |
| From largest to smallest, the scales of atmospheric circulation are desginated | planetary, synoptic, meso, micro |
| What the horizontal air pressure gradient is zero over a broad region, | the air is calm |
| Air that blows from the land to the sea typicaly undergoes horizonal ____ near the coastline | divergence |
| Air that blows from the sea to land typically undergoes horizontal ____ near the coastline | convergence |
| Horizontal winds are always named for the direction ___ they blow | from which |
| The trade winds in the two hemispheres converge in the | doldrums |
| A front is a narrow zone of transition between air masses that contrast in | temperature and or humidity |
| What type of low pattern occurs when masses of cold air surge southward and warm air streams northward | medidional |
| A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air trough | east |
| What type of flow pattern is when the north-south exchange of air masses is minimul | zonal |
| An a typical day how many Rossby long-waves encircle the globe | 2-5 |
| An extreme and persistant El Nino | may be accompanied by weather extremes in various parts of the world |
| Where is the Icelandic low located | on average about 60 degrees N latitude over the North Atlantic |
| The western flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by | relatively unstable air |
| Viewed from above in the Northern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow | clockwise and outward |
| Viewed from above in the Southern Hemisphere, surface winds about a subtropical high blow | counterclockwise and outward |
| A blocking circulation pattern during the summer of 1993 was responsible for what in the midwest | flooding |
| The average winter location of the polar front jet stream | southern United States |
| The average summer location of the polar front jet stream | southern Canada |
| In the Midwest, drought is most likely what type of circulation pattern in the westerlies | blocking |
| The eastern flank of a subtropical anticyclone is characterized by | dry climates |
| Long waves in the westerlies undergo changes in | wavelength, amplitude, number of waves |
| The intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) | discontinuous low pressure belt with thunderstorms paralleling the equator |
| A synoptic scale cyclone is most likely to develop on what side of an upper air ridge | west |
| The Bermuda high is located | on average about 30 degrees N latitude over the Atlantic Ocean |
| Ahead of a surface warm front the intial wispy couds are called | cirrus |
| The warmest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually | southeast of the cyclone center |
| When land and water are exposed to the same intensity of solar radiation, the land heats up ____the water | more than |
| In equal volumes, which air masses exerts the highest surface air pressure | A |
| Usually air mass modification is most rapid when | continental polar air moves over bare ground |
| The type of front formed when the leading edge of cold air merges with a warm front is known as | an occluded front |
| In a wave cyclone, fog is most likely to develop | just ahead of the surface warm front |
| The coldest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone is usually | northwest of the cyclone center |
| An intense synoptic scale cyclone tracks up the Mississippi River Valley and passes west of Chicago. As the cold front sweeps through Chicago, the wind shifts from the south to the | southwest |
| A type of cloud associated with fast moving well defined cold front | cumulonimbus |
| Cold fronts travel _____ warm fronts | faster than |
| Precipitation tends to be steady and prolonged to the ______sector of a wave cyclone | northeast |
| What is the surface wind direction in the northwest sector of a mature midlatitude cyclone | northwest |
| Most major winter storms that affect the St. Louis area follow which cyclone track? | Colorado |
| A source region for maritime tropical air is | tropical and subtropical ocean |
| Warm and humid air is | mT |
| What is a Native American word that, according to tradition, means snoweater | Chinook |
| In winter, continental polar air is ____ maritime polar air | colder than |
| Contrasting air masses are brought together to form fronts by surface winds around centers of | low pressure |
| An example of a cold-core anticyclone is | an artic high |
| Violent weather is most likely to occur during the | mature stage |
| A severe thunderstom may be accompanied by | hail, damaging surface winds, frequent lightning |
| A feature sometimes present in thunderstorms that may prolong the mature stage is | a tilted updraft |
| In the United States, tornadoes are most often triggered by | cyclones |
| The mature stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by | both updrafts and downdrafts |
| The dissipating stage of the life cycle of a thunderstorm cell is characterized by | downdrafts only |
| A thunderstom cloud | cumulonimbus |
| A gust front is associated with an | intense thunderstorm |
| In the United States, thunderstorms are most frequent in | central Florida |
| Hail is most likely to be produced by thunderstorm cells that are characterized by | strong updrafts, great vertical development, an abundant supply of supercooled water droplets |
| The anvil of a thunderstorm cloud is likely to be | a cold cloud composed of ice crystals |
| As a general rule of thumb, the higher the top of a cumulonimbus cloud the | more severe the thunderstorm cell |
| Microbursts are particularly dangerous for aircraft on takeoff or landing because they trigger | wind shear |
| A tornadic circulation that remains aloft and does not touch the Earth's surface is known as a | funnel cloud |
| A mesoscale convective complex (MCC) | consists of numerous interacting thunderstorm cells |
| Typically, all tornadoes that occur each year in the US are rated as | weak on the F-scale |
| The most intense tornadoes are rated | 5 on the F-scale |
| Over the course of a year, which state will likely experience the most tornadoes | Kansas |
| In the United States, the months of peak tornado activity are | April, May, June |
| Typical weather within the eye of a hurricane consists of | fair skies and light winds |
| Hurricanes do not form at latitude 30 degrees N because | the surface ocean water is too cold |
| Most hurricane related fatalities are caused by | coastal and inland flooding |
| It is _____ for tornadoes to accompany hurricanes | usual |
| Usually the most destructive aspect of a hurricane is | storm surge |
| The source of energy that sustains a hurricane circulation is | latent heat |
| A hurricane breeding ground | Indian Ocean east of Madagascar, the Arabian Sea, the Bay of Bengal, the Gulf of Mexico |
| Hurricane winds _____ as the storm moves over land | weaken rapidly |
| The first sign that a hurricane may be developing over tropical seas is the appearance of | an organized cluster of cumulonimbus clouds |
| The most hurricane prone location in the US is | Key West, Florida |
| The highest wind speeds in a hurricane occur | in the eye wall |
| The central pressure is _____ in a hurricane than in a typical midlatitude cyclone | lower |
| The major source of energy in a hurricane is | release of latent heat of vaporization |
| Sustained surface winds in a hurricane are | greater than 74 mi per hour |
| Most Northern Hemisphere hurricanes occur from | June through Novemeber |
| The eye of a hurricane typically | shrinks in diameter as a hurricane intensifies, features subsiding air, is surrounded by a ring of cumulonimbus clouds |
| As a hurricane tracks inland, | its wind diminishes, central pressure rises, and rains continue |
| When a hurricane threatens low lying coastal areas, the most prudent strategy for residents is to | evacuate to an inland shelter |
| When wind speeds reach 39 mi per hour the system is classified as a | tropical storm |
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Val529
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