Major Muscles of HMS
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| tensor facia latae | hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation | LPHC | outer surfacre of iliac crest just posterior to anterior-superior iliac spine of pelvis | proximal 1/3 of IT band
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| rectus femoris | hip flexion, knee extension | LPHC and knee | anterior-inferior iliac spine of pelvis | base of patella, tibial tuberosity of tibia
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| biceps femoris - long head | knee flexion, hip extension, tibial external rotation | LPHC and knee | ischial tuberosity of pelvis, part of sacrotuberous ligament | head of fibula
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| semimembranosis | hip extension, knee flexion, tibial internal rotation | LPHC and knee | ishial tuberosity of pelvis | posterior aspect of medial tibial condyle of tibia
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| semitendinosis | hip extension, knee flexion, tibial internal rotation | LPHC and knee | ischial tuberosity of pelvis, part of sacrotuberous ligament | proximal aspect of medial tibial condyle of tibia
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| adductor magnus, longus, brevis, gracilis & pectineus | adduction, flexion,internalrotation, | LPHC |
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| gastrocnemius | plantarflexion | foot & ankle complex | posterior aspect of lateral & medial femoral condyles | calcaneus via Achilles tendon
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| soleus | plantarflexion (esp. knee bent) | foot & ankle complex | posterior surface of fibular head & proximal 1/3 of its shaft and from the posterior side of the tibia | calcaneus via the achilles tendon
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| tibialis anterior | dorsiflexion, inversion | arch of foot | lateral condyle & proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia | mdial & plantar aspects of medial cuneiform and the base of 1st metatarsal
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| psoas | hip flexion, external rotation, extends & rotates lumbar spine | LPHC | transverse processes & lateral bodies of last thoracic and al lumbar vertebrae including intervertebral discs | leser trochanter of femur
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| gluteus maximus | hip extension, external rotation | LPHC | outer ilium, posterior side of sacrum & coccyx & part of sacrotuerous & posterior sacroiliac ligament | gluteal tuberosity of femur & iliotibial tract
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| gluteus medius - anterior fibers | hip abduction, internal rotation | LPHC | outer surface of ilium | lateral surface of greater trochanter on femur
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| peroneus longus | plantarflexion, eversion | foot & ankle complex | lateral condyle of tibia, head & proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula | lateral surface of medial cuneiform & lateral side of base of 1st metatarsal
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| tibialis posterior | inversion, plantarflexion | arch of foot | proximal 2/3 of posterior surface of tibia & fibula | every tarsal bone but talus plus the bases of 2nd-4th metatarsal bones. Main insertion is on navicular tuberosity & medial cuneiform bone
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| vastus lateralis | knee extension | knee | anterior & inferior border of greater rochanter, lateral regtion of gluteal tuberosity, lateral lip of linea aspera of femur | base of patella & tibial tuberosity of tibia
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| vastus intermedius | knee extension | knee | lower region of intertrochanteric line, medial lip of linea aspera, proximal medial supracondylar line of femur | base of patella, tibial tuberosity of tibia
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| vastus medialis | knee extension | knee | anterior-lateral regions of upper 2/3 of femur | base of patela, tibial tuberosity of tibia
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| biceps femoris - short head | knee flexion, tibial external rotation | knee | lower 1/3 of posterior aspect of femur | head of fibula
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| adductor magnus - posterior fibers | adduction, extension, external rotation | LPHC | ischial tuberosity of pelvis | adductor tubercle on femur
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| gluteus medius - posterior fibers | hip abduction, external rotation | LPHC | outer surface of ilium | lateral surface of greater trochanter on femur
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| gluteus minimus | hip abduction, flexion, internal rotation | LPHC | ilium between anterior & inferior gluteal line | greater trochanter of the femur
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| piriformis | hip external rotation, abduction & extension | Hip and SIJs | anterior surface of sacrum | greater trachanter of the femur
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| rectus abdominus | spinal flexion, lateral flexion & rotation | LPHC | pubic symphysis of the pelvis | ribs 5-7
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| external oblique | spinal flexion, lateral flexion & contralateral rotation | LPHC | external surface of ribs 4-12 | anterior iliac crest of pelvis, linea alba & contralateral rectus
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| internal oblique | spinal flexion (bilateral), lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation | LPHC | anterior 2/3 of iliac crest of pelvis & thoracolumbar fascia | ribs 9-12, linea alba & contralateral rectus sheaths
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| transverse abdominus | increases intra-abdoominal pressure. supports abdominal viscera | synergistically w/internal oblique, multifidus & deep erector spinae to stabilize LPHC | ribs 7-12, anterior 2/3 of iliac crest of pelvis & thoracolumbar fascia | lineae alba & contralateral rectus sheaths
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| diaphragm | pulls central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity | LPHC | costal: ribs 6-12; sternal: posterior side of xiphoid process; crural (lumbar) part: two aponeurotic arches covering external surface of quadratus lumborum & psoas major, right & left crus, originating from bodies of L1-L3 and their intervertebral discs | central tendon
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| latissiumus dorsi | shoulder extension, adduction & internal rotation | LPHC, shoulder | spinous processes of T7-T12; iliac crest of pelvis, thoracolumbar fascia; ribs 9-12 | inferior angle of scapula; intertubecular groove of humerus
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| serratus anterior | scapular protraction | scapula | ribs 4-12 | medial border of scapula
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| rhomboids | produces scapular retraction & downward rotation | scapula | spinous processes of C7-T5 | medial border of scapula
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| lower trapezius | scapular depression | scapula | spinous processes of T6-T12 | spine of scapula
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| middle trapezius | scapular retraction | scapula | spinous processes of T1-T5 | acromion process of scapula; superior aspect of spine of scapula
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| upper trapezius | cervical extension; lateral flexion & rotation; scapular elevation | stabilizes cervical spine & scapula, stabilizes medial border of scapula creating a stable base for prime movers during scapular abduction & upward rotation | external occipital protuberance of skull; spinous process of C7 | lateral thrid of clavicle; acromion process of scapula
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| levator scapulae | cervical extension, lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation when scapulae is anchored; assists in elevation & downward rotation of scapulae | cervical spine & scapulae | transverse processes of C1-C4 | superior vertebral border of scapulae
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| pectoralis major | shoulder flexion (clavicular fibers), horizontal adduction & internal rotation | shoulder girdle | anterior surface of clavicle; anterior surface of sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-7 | greater tubercle of humerus
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| pectoralis minor | protracts the scapula | shoulder girdle | ribs 3-5 | coracoid process of scapula
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| anterior deltoid | shoulder flexion & internal rotation | shoulder girdle | lateral thrid of clavicle | deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| medial deltoid | shoulder abduction | shoulder girdle | acromion process of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| posterior deltoid | shoulder flexion & internal rotation | shoulder girdle | spine of scapula | deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| teres minor | shoulder external rotation | shoulder girdle | lateral border of scapula | greater tubercle of humerus
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| infraspinatus | shoulder external rotation | shoulder girdle | infraspinous fossa of scapula | middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
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| subscapularis | shoulder internal rotation | shoulder girdle | subscapular fossa of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus
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| supraspinatus | abduction of the arm | shoulder girdle | supraspinous fossa of scapula | superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
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| teres major | shoulder internal rotation, adduction & extension | shoulder girdle | inferior angle of scapula | lesser tubercle of humerus
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| biceps brachii | elbow flexion, supination of radioulnar joint, shoulder flexion | elbow & shoulder girdle | short head: corocoid process; long head: tubercle above glenoid cavity on humerus | radial tuberosity of radius
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| triceps brachii | elbow extnesion, shoulder extension | elbow & shoulder girdle | long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; short head: posterior humerus; medial head: posterior humerus | olecranon process of ulna
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| brachialis | flexes elbos | elbow | humerus | coronoid process of ulna
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| anconeus | extends elbow | elbow | lateral epicondyle of humerus | olecranon process, posterior ulna
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| brachioradialis | flexes elbow | elbow | lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus | styloid process of radius
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| pronator quadratus | pronates forearm | distal radioulnar joint | distal ulna | distal radius
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| pronator teres | pronates forearm | proximal radioulnar joint & elbow | medial epicondyle of humerus, coronoid process of ulna | radius
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| supinator | supinates forearm | proximal radioulnar joint & elbow | lateral epicondyle of humerus | radius
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| sternocleidomastoid | cervical flexion, rotation & lateral flexion | cervical spine & acromioclavicular joint | sternal head: top of Maubrium of sternum; Clavicular Head: medial 1/3 of clavicle | mastoid process, lateral superior nuchal line of occiput of the skull
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| scalenes | cervical flexion, rotation & lateral flexion; assists rib elvation during inhalation | cervical spine | transverse processes of C3-C7 | 1st & 2nd rib
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| longus colli | cervical flexion, lateral flexion & ipsilateral rotation | cervical spine | anterior portion of T1-T3 | anterior & lateral C1
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| longus capitus | cervical flexion, lateral flexion | cervical spine | transverse processes of C3-C6 | inferior occipital bone
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| sartorius | hip flexion, external rotation & abduction, knee flexion, external rotation | LPHC and knee | anterior-superior iliac spine of pelvis | proximal medial surface of tibia
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