Communicating over the Network
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| Channel | A communication path over a medium used to transport information from a sender to a receiver. Multiple channels can be multiplexed over a single cable.
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| Segmentation | In TCP, the process of taking a large chunk of data and breaking it into small-enough pieces to fit within a TCP segment without breaking any rules about the maximum amount of data allowed in a segment.
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| Multiplexing | A process where multiple digital data streams are combined into one signal.
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| Switch | A Layer 2 device that receives an electrical signal in one port, interprets the bits, and makes a filtering or forwarding decision about the frame. If it forwards, it sends a regenerated signal.
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| End Device | A device such as a desktop or mobile device that is used by an end user.
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| Host | A network device that has an IPv4 address assigned to it to communication over a network.
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| Client | A network device that accesses a service on another computer remotely by accessing the network.
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| Host Address | IPv4 address of a network host. When talking about host addresses, they are the network layer addresses.
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| Physical Address | A data link layer address; a MAC address.
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| Intermediary Device | A device that connects end devices to the network or interconnects different networks. A router is an example of an intermediary device.
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| Encoding | To change the energy levels transmitted over some networking medium to transmit bits over that medium.
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| Protocols | Written specifications that defines what tasks a service or device should perform.
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| Protocol Suite | a delineation of networking protocols and standards into different categories, called layers, along with definitions of which sets of standards and protocols need to be implemented to create products used to create a working network.
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| Protocol Data Unit | A generic term from OSI that refers to the data, headers, and trailers about which a particular networking layers is concerned.
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| Port | Refers to a hub or switch, or an interface which is a physical connector for cable media. With TCP/UDP, it is a software function that uniquely identifies a software process or service. A USB or parallel port on a PC.
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| Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) | The standards body responsible for the development and approval of TCP/IP standards.
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| Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) | An international, non-profit organization for the advancement of technology related to electricity. IEEE maintains the standards defining many LAN protocols.
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| International Organization for Standardization (ISO) | An international standards body that defines many networking standards. Also, the standards body that created the OSI model.
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| Layered Model | A model that consists of various layers that enable the development and explanation of technology to be done on a modular basis. This allows interoperability among different technologies among the different layers.
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| Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) | A network model defined by the IETF that has been implemented on most computer and network devices in the world.
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| Encapsulation | The process by which a device adds networking heads and trailers to data from an application for the eventual transmission of the data onto a transmission medium.
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| Decapsulation | A process by which an end device, after receiving data via a medium, examines the headers and trailers at each successive higher layer, eventually handing the data to the correct application. Sometimes called de-encapsulation.
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| Protocol Data Unit (PDU) | A generic term from OSI that refers to the data, headers, and trailers about which a particular networking layer is concerned.
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| Segment | A collision domain that is a section of a LAN that is bound by bridges, routers, or switches. Also used with TCP, the term reders to the work TCP does to accept a large piece of data from an application and break it into smaller pieces.
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| Frame | the layer 2 PDU that has been encoded by a data link layer protocol for digital transmission. Some different kinds of frames are Ethernet frames and PPP frames.
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| Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) | International standardization program created by ISO and ITU-T to develope standards for data networking that facilitate multivendor equipment interoperability.
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| Which OSI layer is associated with IP addressing? | Layer 3
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| The elements of communication include a message source, a message destination, and a ____________, or medium, to transport the message. | Channel
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| Which type of addressing is found at the OSI Layer 2? (Choose two) Logical, Physical, MAC, IP, or Port | Physical & MAC. A MAC address is the physical address burned onto the OSI Layer 2 network interface card. Logical Addressing happens at OSI Layer 3.
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| When a server responds to a web request, what occurs next in the encapsulation process after the web page data is formatted and seperated into TCP segments? | The server adds the source and destination IP address to each segment header to deliver the packets to the destination.
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| Which term describes a specific set of rules that determine the formatting of messages and the process of encapsulation used to forward data? | Protocol
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| A limited-use protocol owned by a company is considered to be __________? | Proprietary
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| Which one of the following is associated with Layer 4 of the OSI Model? IP, TCP, FTP, or TFTP | TCP is the answer. FTP = Application - Layer 7 and IP & TFTP are Network - Layer 3
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| The device that connects a device to the media is called a/an? | Network Interface Card (NIC)
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| What is the term that defines dividing data streams into smaller peices suitable for transmission? | Segmentation, which occurs at OSI Layer 4 - Transport
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| A device that moves data between networks is a ________? | Router
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| What do you call the process of interweaving multiple data streams onto one shared communication channel or network medium? | Multiplexing
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| Which of the following is associated with the OSI network layer (Layer 3)? IP Address, Frames, MAC Address, Physical Address | IP Address is the correct answer. All the others are OSI Layer 2 - Data Link
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| What is the correct "top down" order of the OSI model? | Application -> Presentation -> Session -> Transport -> Network -> Data Link -> Physical
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| Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with the end-to-end message delivery over the network? | Transport, OSI Layer 4 handles end-to-end message delivery.
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