MOD REVIEW
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| What are the Units of Radiation Measurement | Describes the different units of measurement for radiation depending on what is being measured
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| What is Monitoring of Personnel | Monitoring the radiation dose to anyone who receives an occupational dose 1/10 (10%) of the annual dose limit.
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| Types of Dosimeters | Film Badges
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD)
Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL)
Pocket Dosimeters
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| What is a Dosimetry Report | A report that is generated from the exposure received by the dosimeter while occupationally worn.
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| The Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) responsibility | to retrieve dosimetry report and distribute to employees
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| Dose Limiting Recommendations | recommendations of dose limitations as provided by Radiation
Protection Organizations (RPO)
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| What are the Principles of Personnel Exposure Reduction | The guiding principles of reducing the possibility of occupational
exposure
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| What are the guiding principles | time, distance, shielding
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| types of fixed barriers | primary and secondary
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| What is the primary barrier | perpendicular to the x-ray beam and are designed to withstand that strength of a full primary beam
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| What is the secondary barrier | barriers around the room designed to absorb scatter radiation
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| Lead apron equivalence | 0.5mm
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| Lead glove equivalence | 0.25mm
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| Thyroid shield equivalence | 0.5mm
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| Lead glasses equivalence | 0.35mm
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| What is the inverse square law | increasing the distance between the source of radiation and the
radiographer, the radiation exposure is decreased dramatically
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| What does the inverse square law state | the intensity of radiation at a given distance from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object from the distance
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| How to Reduce involuntary movement | high mA and short exposure time
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| First choice for immobilization assistance | Friend or relative, preferably male
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| Last choice for immobilization assistance | Radiology personnel
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| Never a choice for immobilization assistance | Pregnant Females and Under reproductive age
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| What does Irradiated material mean | the less material or the lower the atomic number, the less interactions will take place and there fore, less scattered photons
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| Main source for scatter radiation | the patient
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| Aperture Diaphragms | Flat piece of lead containing a whole for the CR to pass
through
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| Cones | Circular metal structures attached to the tube housing to restrict beam to predetermined size
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| Collimators | Most commonly used beam limitation device; Consists of upper and lower lead shutters at 90 degree angles to each other
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| X-ray Beam Filtration | Filters absorb low energy, long wavelength photons, which improves the quality of the beam
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| 2 types of filtrations | Inherent and Added
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| Inherent filtration | built into x-ray tube
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| Added filtration | added to the design as increased filtration
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| Total Filtration | Inherent and Added filtration combined and must measure at least 2.5 mm Al/Eq
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| When should gonadal shielding be used | when the gonads are in or within 5cm of the primary x-ray beam
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| Who should not use gonadal shielding | anyone within the reproductive age
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| When should you not use gonadal shielding | if it will interfere with any diagnostic information
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| 3 different types of Gonadal shields | Flat Contact Shields
Shadow Shields
Shaped Contact Shields
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| Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau | the embryo and fetus are the most radiosensitive stages in human life
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| Lead in the control booth walls | 1/16th in lead
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| Cumulative dose for Radiation worker | age x 10 mSv
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| Annual Effective dose for Occupational Exposure | 50mSv
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| Annual Dose for Lens of the Eyes | 150mSv
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| Annual Eq. Dose for Skin | 500mSv
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| Annual Eq. Dose for Occupational Hands and Feet | 500mSv
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| Effective dose for Pregnant Tech | 5mSv per 9 months
0.5mSv per month
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| Annual Effect Dose Limit for the Public | 1mSv
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| Annual Effective Dose to Lens of Eyes for the Public | 15mSv
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| Annual Effective Dose to the Skin for the Public | 50mSv
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| Maximum leakage from x-ray tube | 100mR/hr @ 3ft(1m)
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| How far should you be able to go with a mobile x-ray | 6ft
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| How long is the primary beam | 7ft
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| barrier thickness depends on | Workload, Use, and Occupancy
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| True or False: Higher metabolic means more radioactive | True
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| Linear Energy Transfer | measures the rate
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| Observation window lead equivalence | 0.3 to 2mm
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| Lead glass window equivalence | 1.5 mm Pb
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| How long should the exposure cord for control booth be | short enough so that an exposure can be made only when the radiographer is entirely behind the control booth barrier while connected to console
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| True or False: Control both walls must be 7ft tall and mounted to the floor | True
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| Required shielding for the protective tube housing | 1.5mm (1/16Pb)
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| What is the protective housing's job | to reduce leakage radiation to an assigned safe level
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| Exposure rate for controlled areas | 100mrem/week
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| Exposure rate for uncontrolled areas | 10mrem/week
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| The NCRP recommends that primary walls barrier be give a use factor of | 1
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| Pregnancy apron lead equivalence | 0.5mm Pb
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| Thermoluminescent dosimeter | used to monitor radioation exposure to personnel
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