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216 RadBio
MOD REVIEW
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the Units of Radiation Measurement | Describes the different units of measurement for radiation depending on what is being measured |
| What is Monitoring of Personnel | Monitoring the radiation dose to anyone who receives an occupational dose 1/10 (10%) of the annual dose limit. |
| Types of Dosimeters | Film Badges Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (TLD) Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) Pocket Dosimeters |
| What is a Dosimetry Report | A report that is generated from the exposure received by the dosimeter while occupationally worn. |
| The Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) responsibility | to retrieve dosimetry report and distribute to employees |
| Dose Limiting Recommendations | recommendations of dose limitations as provided by Radiation Protection Organizations (RPO) |
| What are the Principles of Personnel Exposure Reduction | The guiding principles of reducing the possibility of occupational exposure |
| What are the guiding principles | time, distance, shielding |
| types of fixed barriers | primary and secondary |
| What is the primary barrier | perpendicular to the x-ray beam and are designed to withstand that strength of a full primary beam |
| What is the secondary barrier | barriers around the room designed to absorb scatter radiation |
| Lead apron equivalence | 0.5mm |
| Lead glove equivalence | 0.25mm |
| Thyroid shield equivalence | 0.5mm |
| Lead glasses equivalence | 0.35mm |
| What is the inverse square law | increasing the distance between the source of radiation and the radiographer, the radiation exposure is decreased dramatically |
| What does the inverse square law state | the intensity of radiation at a given distance from a point source is inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the object from the distance |
| How to Reduce involuntary movement | high mA and short exposure time |
| First choice for immobilization assistance | Friend or relative, preferably male |
| Last choice for immobilization assistance | Radiology personnel |
| Never a choice for immobilization assistance | Pregnant Females and Under reproductive age |
| What does Irradiated material mean | the less material or the lower the atomic number, the less interactions will take place and there fore, less scattered photons |
| Main source for scatter radiation | the patient |
| Aperture Diaphragms | Flat piece of lead containing a whole for the CR to pass through |
| Cones | Circular metal structures attached to the tube housing to restrict beam to predetermined size |
| Collimators | Most commonly used beam limitation device; Consists of upper and lower lead shutters at 90 degree angles to each other |
| X-ray Beam Filtration | Filters absorb low energy, long wavelength photons, which improves the quality of the beam |
| 2 types of filtrations | Inherent and Added |
| Inherent filtration | built into x-ray tube |
| Added filtration | added to the design as increased filtration |
| Total Filtration | Inherent and Added filtration combined and must measure at least 2.5 mm Al/Eq |
| When should gonadal shielding be used | when the gonads are in or within 5cm of the primary x-ray beam |
| Who should not use gonadal shielding | anyone within the reproductive age |
| When should you not use gonadal shielding | if it will interfere with any diagnostic information |
| 3 different types of Gonadal shields | Flat Contact Shields Shadow Shields Shaped Contact Shields |
| Laws of Bergonie and Tribondeau | the embryo and fetus are the most radiosensitive stages in human life |
| Lead in the control booth walls | 1/16th in lead |
| Cumulative dose for Radiation worker | age x 10 mSv |
| Annual Effective dose for Occupational Exposure | 50mSv |
| Annual Dose for Lens of the Eyes | 150mSv |
| Annual Eq. Dose for Skin | 500mSv |
| Annual Eq. Dose for Occupational Hands and Feet | 500mSv |
| Effective dose for Pregnant Tech | 5mSv per 9 months 0.5mSv per month |
| Annual Effect Dose Limit for the Public | 1mSv |
| Annual Effective Dose to Lens of Eyes for the Public | 15mSv |
| Annual Effective Dose to the Skin for the Public | 50mSv |
| Maximum leakage from x-ray tube | 100mR/hr @ 3ft(1m) |
| How far should you be able to go with a mobile x-ray | 6ft |
| How long is the primary beam | 7ft |
| barrier thickness depends on | Workload, Use, and Occupancy |
| True or False: Higher metabolic means more radioactive | True |
| Linear Energy Transfer | measures the rate |
| Observation window lead equivalence | 0.3 to 2mm |
| Lead glass window equivalence | 1.5 mm Pb |
| How long should the exposure cord for control booth be | short enough so that an exposure can be made only when the radiographer is entirely behind the control booth barrier while connected to console |
| True or False: Control both walls must be 7ft tall and mounted to the floor | True |
| Required shielding for the protective tube housing | 1.5mm (1/16Pb) |
| What is the protective housing's job | to reduce leakage radiation to an assigned safe level |
| Exposure rate for controlled areas | 100mrem/week |
| Exposure rate for uncontrolled areas | 10mrem/week |
| The NCRP recommends that primary walls barrier be give a use factor of | 1 |
| Pregnancy apron lead equivalence | 0.5mm Pb |
| Thermoluminescent dosimeter | used to monitor radioation exposure to personnel |
Created by:
nishaat
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