Terms from week 10
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| Social Psychology | The study of how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others
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| Affiliation Motivation | The need to belong; motivation to be accepted by others
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| Bystander effect | The assumption that someone else is going to help/act in a situation
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| Diffusion of responsibility | The more people in a situation, the less pressure someone feels for acting/taking responsibility
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| Evaluation apprehension/audience inhibition | Ambiguity in the situation causes worry that other people will judge you
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| Pluralistic ignorance | Believing other people know something you don't
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| Conformity | The altering of one's opinions or behaviors to match those of others or social norms
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| Social norms | Generally accepted rules of behavior in a society
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| Descriptive social norms | What people actually think, feel, or do
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| Injunctive/prescriptive social norms | What people should think, feel, or do
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| Informational influence | Adopting the group consensus/conforming because it feel 'correct'
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| Normative influence | Adopting the group consensus/conforming because we want to fit in with the group/show that we belong
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| Groupthink | When group decision making is impaired because of the desire to reach or maintain consensus
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| Compliance | A change in behavior due to a direct request that is NOT from an authority figure
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| Obedience | A change in behavior due to a direct request from an authority figure
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| Asch's conformity experiment | A group of plants said the clearly wrong answer to test if the subject would conform to the group answer despite knowing it was wrong
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| Milgram's obedience experiment | Perceived doctor ordered subject to administer shocks to see how far the subject would go to be obedient while "hurting" and innocent person
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| Attribution | Judgements about the cause of a person's behavior
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| Dispositional attributions | Explanations about behavior that refer to internal characteristics (traits)
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| Situational attributions | Explanations about behavior that refer to external events
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| Correspondence bias | Tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional attributes (character traits) even when situational attributes clearly explain the behavior
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| Actor-observer bias | Emphasizing dispositional attributes (traits) when explaining other's behavior but emphasizing situational attributes when explaining your own behavior
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| Self-serving bias | Attributing success to dispositional factors (traits) and failure to situational factors; more likely to take responsibility for good and blame situation for bad
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| Stereotype | Cognitive schema for identifying social groups; easy information processing on people based on their membership to stereotypes; overgeneralization
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| Prejudice | Negative judgments and attitudes toward someone based on social membership; emotional bias
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| Discrimination | Unjust treatment of people based on social membership; behavioral bias
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| Steps to overcome biases | Detect (recognize biased thoughts), reflect (identify where the thought comes from), reject (replace thought with a better response)
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| Door-in-the-face technique | A persuasive technique in which compliance with a target request is preceded by a large, unreasonable request (ask for a million dollars, then ask for a more reasonable amount. More likely to say yes)
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| Foot-in-the-door technique | A persuasive technique in which compliance with a small request is followed by compliance with a larger request that might otherwise have been rejected
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| Low-balling technique | Making further requests of a person who has already committed to a course of action
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| Halo effect | Automatically making assumptions that attractive people have other good attributes to them
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| "Thin Slices of Behavior" | Making snap judgements and assumptions based on very limited amounts of information
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| fundamental attribution error | Tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional attributes (character traits) and underemphasize situational attributes when explaining behavior of other people
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| Social facilitation | Performing better at something because there are other people around
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| Social loafing | Performing worse/not attempting something because there are other people around
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| Deindividuation | Immersion of an individual within a group, leading to anonymity
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