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PSY100 Chapter 13
Terms from week 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Social Psychology | The study of how the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others |
| Affiliation Motivation | The need to belong; motivation to be accepted by others |
| Bystander effect | The assumption that someone else is going to help/act in a situation |
| Diffusion of responsibility | The more people in a situation, the less pressure someone feels for acting/taking responsibility |
| Evaluation apprehension/audience inhibition | Ambiguity in the situation causes worry that other people will judge you |
| Pluralistic ignorance | Believing other people know something you don't |
| Conformity | The altering of one's opinions or behaviors to match those of others or social norms |
| Social norms | Generally accepted rules of behavior in a society |
| Descriptive social norms | What people actually think, feel, or do |
| Injunctive/prescriptive social norms | What people should think, feel, or do |
| Informational influence | Adopting the group consensus/conforming because it feel 'correct' |
| Normative influence | Adopting the group consensus/conforming because we want to fit in with the group/show that we belong |
| Groupthink | When group decision making is impaired because of the desire to reach or maintain consensus |
| Compliance | A change in behavior due to a direct request that is NOT from an authority figure |
| Obedience | A change in behavior due to a direct request from an authority figure |
| Asch's conformity experiment | A group of plants said the clearly wrong answer to test if the subject would conform to the group answer despite knowing it was wrong |
| Milgram's obedience experiment | Perceived doctor ordered subject to administer shocks to see how far the subject would go to be obedient while "hurting" and innocent person |
| Attribution | Judgements about the cause of a person's behavior |
| Dispositional attributions | Explanations about behavior that refer to internal characteristics (traits) |
| Situational attributions | Explanations about behavior that refer to external events |
| Correspondence bias | Tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional attributes (character traits) even when situational attributes clearly explain the behavior |
| Actor-observer bias | Emphasizing dispositional attributes (traits) when explaining other's behavior but emphasizing situational attributes when explaining your own behavior |
| Self-serving bias | Attributing success to dispositional factors (traits) and failure to situational factors; more likely to take responsibility for good and blame situation for bad |
| Stereotype | Cognitive schema for identifying social groups; easy information processing on people based on their membership to stereotypes; overgeneralization |
| Prejudice | Negative judgments and attitudes toward someone based on social membership; emotional bias |
| Discrimination | Unjust treatment of people based on social membership; behavioral bias |
| Steps to overcome biases | Detect (recognize biased thoughts), reflect (identify where the thought comes from), reject (replace thought with a better response) |
| Door-in-the-face technique | A persuasive technique in which compliance with a target request is preceded by a large, unreasonable request (ask for a million dollars, then ask for a more reasonable amount. More likely to say yes) |
| Foot-in-the-door technique | A persuasive technique in which compliance with a small request is followed by compliance with a larger request that might otherwise have been rejected |
| Low-balling technique | Making further requests of a person who has already committed to a course of action |
| Halo effect | Automatically making assumptions that attractive people have other good attributes to them |
| "Thin Slices of Behavior" | Making snap judgements and assumptions based on very limited amounts of information |
| fundamental attribution error | Tendency for people to overemphasize dispositional attributes (character traits) and underemphasize situational attributes when explaining behavior of other people |
| Social facilitation | Performing better at something because there are other people around |
| Social loafing | Performing worse/not attempting something because there are other people around |
| Deindividuation | Immersion of an individual within a group, leading to anonymity |
Created by:
doctorpenguin
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