AUSP 302
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| Mass | A coherent typically large body of matter with no definite shape
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| Elasticity | Restoring force, allowing recovery from distortion of shape of volume
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| Inertia | Matter will stay at rest unless another force acts in opposition
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| Compression | Density increase in wave
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| Rarefaction | Density decrease in wave
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| Length | The distance a wave travels in the time it takes from a particle to complete a cycle
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| Displacement | Distance that a particle has moved from rest
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| Velocity | Direction of movement of wave
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| Force | Mass x Acceleration
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| Pressure | Force/Area
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| Amplitude | Max Displacement of Particle from rest
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| Frequency | Number of Cycles per second
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| Cycle | Movement from rest in one direction, back the other way. amd back to rest
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| Period | Time it takes to complete one cycle
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| Transverse wave | vibration of particle is 90 compared to direction of wave
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| Longitudinal wave | vibration of particle is parallel to wave propagation
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| Acceleration | time-rate change in velocity
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| Difference between the sound source and the medium | sound source is the source of vibration whereas the medium is what it travels through
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| Two properties that all sound sources of sound must have | Elasticity and mass
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| Two properties that all mediums must have | Elasticity and mass
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| Two opposing forces that allow vibration to take place | Elasticity and inertia
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| Difference between particle movement and wave propagation | Particle Movement - a particle moving back and forth
Wave propagation - wave moves through a medium and is a transfer from one particle to another
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| Three fundamental physical quantities | Time, Length, Mass
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| Difference between a scalar and vector measurement | Scalar - does not have distance (direction) component (speed)
Velar - has a distance (direction) component (velocity)
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| Two units used to measure pressure | Pascals and Newtons per meter squared
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| Does sound vibrate more like a pendulum or more like a spring with a mass attached? | Sound is a longitudinal wave and often is referred to as a mass spring system. Therefore, it vibrates more like a spring with mass attached.
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| Two characteristics describe the motion of a pendulum | Length and Gravity
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| Two units of measurement for Frequency | Hertz and Cycles per second
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| How does period relate to frequency? | Inversely related
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| The harder I hit something | the farther it moves
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| The heavier the object | the harder it is to put in motion or the harder it is to stop once it is in motion
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| Frequency of vibration of a sound is determined by | physical characteristics of the source
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| The speed of sound determined by | the physical characteristics of the medium
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| The higher the frequency | the higher the perceived pitch
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| Scalar | Length, Mass, Time
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| Velar | Displacement, Velocity, Acceleration, Force, Pressure
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| Simple harmonic motion | back and forth motion, oscillatory motion under a regarding proportional to the amount of displacement equilibrium position
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| Sinusoidal waveform | describes a smooth repetetive oscillation, produced when plotted as a function of time
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| Peak Maximum amplitude | highest value the wave reached about a reference value
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| Peak to peak amplitude | difference between maximum position and maximum negative amplitudes of a waveform (top to bottom)
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| Instantaneous amplitude | the value of a wave at any particular instant. often to chosen to coincide with some other event
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| Root-mean-square amplitude | the square root of the mean of the squared deviations of the instantaneous values
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| Damping | oscillating systems encounter opposition to motion, friction or frictional resistance
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| Full wave rectified average (negative to postiive) | arithmetic mean of all instantaneous amplitudes, must take absolute value so there are positive values only
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| Half wave rectified average | remove all negative values, take the mean of instantaneous amplitudes
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| Starting phase | the angle in degrees now rotation begins
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| Instantaneous phase | angle of rotation at some specified moment in time
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| Wavelength | The distance a wave travels in one time it takes for a particle to complete one cycle of vibration
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| Degrees in one cycle of vibration | 360
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| Three things that describe any sinusoidal waveform | Frequency, start phase, and peak amplitude
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| Two quantities that determine wavelength | Frequency or period and speed of sound
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| Velocity leads displacement by 90 degrees | Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, so it leads displacement by 90 degrees. Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity, so it leads velocity by 90 degrees.
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| When frequency is increased wavelength decreases | they are inversely proportional
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| Speed increases | Wave increases
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| Displacement of a vibrating object is | hard to measure
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| The restoring force of elasticity is | directly related to the distance the mass is displaced from the
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| Displacement node | Point of no vibration
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| Displacement Antinode | Point of maximum displacement downward
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| Which harmonic is standing wave tied at both ends with 3 antinodes? | 2nd harmonic
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| Vocal tract is most similar to | An air column with one end closed and one end open
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| When a traveling wave meets a fixed end, how is the wave reflected? | As the traveling wave moves from the free end to the fixed end, it is right side up, but once it hits the fixed end and is reflected back, is upside down/inverted.
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| When a traveling wave meets a loose end, how is the wave reflected? | Like a whip - Instead, the wave comes from a from a fixed end, then its opposite – the wave travels upside first, and once reflected, returns side up.
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| What is a standing wave? | Two opposite direction traveling waves, original and reflected, of the same frequency and amplitude. It has nodes where amplitude is always zero, and amplitude which are always at maximum amplitude.
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| The distance between 2 nodes, or between 2 antinodes, corresponds to | 1 loop or 1/2 wavelength
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| What are boundary condition of a guitar string? | Boundary conditions describe the state of the string at its ends - Could be free or fixed. Most sound producing objects are fixed at both ends (violin, guitar, piano string)
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| The lowest frequency standing wave is called the ___________ or the ___________. | First harmonic or the fundamental
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| A string with one end free and one end fixed results in ___________ harmonics only. | Odd Number
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| Areas of no displacement (displacement nodes) correspond to what in terms of pressure? (in an air column) | Displacement node is a pressure antinode.
Displacement antinode is a pressure node.
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