Radiology for National Board
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| The energy of photons produced in an x-ray machine is dependent upon? | KVP
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| The speed at which electrons move across an x-ray tube is regulated by? | Kilovoltage
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| Changing from 75kVp to 90kVp will? | decrease x-ray density
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| What allows for greater penetration of x-rays? | increased kVp
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| What describes radiographic film that has many gradation of gray from totally white to black? | low contrast or many shades of gray
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| Both milliampere setting and exposure time determine what? | the number of x-rays produced
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| A radiograph is taken with an exposure time of 30 impulses, what is the exposure time in seconds? 60 impulses= 1 sec | 1/2 second
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| What is the principal factor that controls x-ray penetration? | Wavelength
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| According to the inverse square law, if distance is doubled what happens to the exposure time? | X 4
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| What happens to the intensity when you switch from an 8" to a 16" cone? | decreases by 4
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| Radiation film fog may be caused by | secondary radiation
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| What is the direct effect of radiation when a photon contacts outer orbital electrons called? | Thomson scattering
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| What is the transfer of all energy; ionization of inner electron? | Direct effect: Photoelectric
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| What is the transfer of partial energy; ionization of outer shell electron and the production of scatter radiation. | Direct effect: Compton effect
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| Name the most sensitive tissue to the least sensitive to radiation? | Reproductive, lymphatic, young bone, circulatory, endocrine respiratory, digestive mature bone, nervous
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| What is the maximum permissible dose for occupational exposure | 5 rem/year .05 Sv or 50 mSv
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| What thickness is required for the patient's lead apron? | .25 mm
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| Regarding film speed, what is the rule for exposure time and film speed D-E? | decrease exposure time by 1/2
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| Regarding film speed, what is the rule for exposure time and film speed E-F? | decrease exposure time by 20%
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| What is the purpose of the collimator/lead diaphragm? | to limit the size and shape of the beam to 2.75
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| What PID reduces scatter rays? | Long cone/rectangular
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| What is the purpose of filtering an x-ray beam? | remove low energy photons
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| Which projection is required to aid localization of an impacted maxillary premolar after periapical radiographs? | Maxillary occlusal projection
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| What is the purpose of using intensifying screens? | reduction of exposure time
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| If the temperature of processing solutions is slightly above normal, radiographs of desired density may be best obtained by? | decreasing developing time
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| In developing radiographs, what does the fixer do? | remove unexposed silver halide and shrink and harden the emulsion
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| what is the major difference between automatic and manual processing of radiographs? | Auto requires special solutions at higher temps
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| Name the technical error with too much vertical angulation. | Foreshortening
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| Name the technical error for incorrect cone or film placement | cone cut
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| What is the effect on a radiograph if the film is placed backwards? | herringbone
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| If you fail to completely submerse film in the developer what processing error would you have? | clear area
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| If you fail to completely submerse your film in the fixer what processing error occurs | a black streak
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| Scatter radiation, improper safe light and light leak all cause what processing error? | Film fog
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