AP Lang Vocab
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| absolutism | words, phrases, or ideas that suggest something is ‘absolute’ or total (all encompassing)
In morality, absolutism is the belief that there are absolutes of good and bad.
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| sanguine | optimistic/positive especially when it a tough situation
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| disinterested | Free from selfish motive or interest; Unbiased
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| uninterested | not having the mind or feelings engaged; not interested
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| decorous | marked by propriety and good taste; dignified and proper
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| new criticism | revolves around literary analysis, and emphasized reading, usually poetry, as an aesthetic object to examine not through context but through only the text.
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| loaded diction | any word or phrase that portrays either strong positive or negative connotations primarily used to influence an audience.
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| metaphysics | “Beyond nature,” a literary concept used to describe things beyond the physical--such as the emotional and intellectual states an individual goes through--typically through figurative language and conceits
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| literary naturalism | A late nineteenth century literary movement exploring how one’s environment and other influences shape their actions, choices, and beliefs.
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| romanticism | An artistic movement in the early 1800’s focusing on individualism, spirituality, nature, idealization, and imagination.
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| transcendentalism | A movement in the early 19th century which emphasized spiritual thinking over scientific thinking and critiqued social organizations like religion.
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| reader response theory | A theory that focuses on the reader’s reaction to a particular text, sometimes more than the text itself.
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| picaresque | novel that depicts the episodic adventures of a roguish, but appealing hero who is often a member of low class society. Usually male, and has to use his wits to survive.
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| a priori | knowledge considered to be true without previous experience or observation
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| a posterior | reasoning or knowledge based on experience or observation
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| nonpareil | having no match or equal, unrivaled
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| ad hoc | Done for a particular reason when necessary.
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| esoteric | Intended for or likely to be understood by a group of people with the same common knowledge or interest
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| platonic | (of love or friendship) intimate and affectionate but not sexual.
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| Platonic | capitalized: of, relating to, or characteristic of Plato or Platonism. Can also refer to ideals, thoughts, etc. that are not related to action (It is used this way in Gatsby.)
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| grotesque | Comically or repulsively ugly or distorted
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| pique | A feeling of irritation or resentment, resulting from an insult to one’s pride
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| conditional statement | an if-then statement that consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent.
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| amplification | the way a writer embellishes a sentence to emphasize certain points.
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| split infinitives | a construction consisting of an infinitive with an adverb or other word inserted between to and the verb
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| abstruse | difficult to comprehend or understand; obscure
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| relativism | the doctrine that knowledge, truth, and morality exist in
relation to culture, society, or historical context, and are not absolute
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| sophism | a fallacious argument, especially one used
deliberately to deceive.
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| precis | a summary or abstract of a text or speech where the tone and meaning of the original passage are maintained. Generally is ⅓ or ⅕ compared to original in length.
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| fallacy | A failure of reasoning that invalidates an argument.
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| epistemology | -The theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope. Epistemology is the investigation of what distinguishes justified belief from opinion.
-The study of knowledge, what we know, and how we can know it.
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| epistrophe | The repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences. It creates emphasis and rhythm.
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| fatalism | the attitude of mind which accepts whatever happens as having been bound or decreed to happen.
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| Reductio Ad Absurdum | when a speaker argues for their position by attempting to point out the absurdity in the alternative argument.
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| volubility | the quality of talking fluently, readily, or incessantly (talkativeness)
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| chagrin | Noun: distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated
Verb: feel distressed or humiliated
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| mood (in literature) | Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader
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| exigence | an issue, problem, or situation that causes or prompts someone to write or speak
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| rhetorical situation | a situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages
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| rhetorical strategies | Methods and techniques that speakers use to achieve their speaking goals
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| sarcastic | Marked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt
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| sardonic | grimly mocking or cynical
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| effusive | emotionally excessive; overly demonstrative
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| apathetic | feeling or showing little emotion
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| flippant | (adj.) lacking in seriousness; disrespectful, saucy
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| ambivalent | having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone
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| euphemism | an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive
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| colloquial | characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation
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| allegory | a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one
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| allegorical | containing hidden symbolism but still containing the original plot and characters
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| alliteration | repetition of initial consonant sounds
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| consonance | repetition of consonant sounds
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| allusion | a reference to another work of literature, person, or event
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| aphorism | a concise statement of a truth or principle
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| ambiguity | an event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way
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| analogy | a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way
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| conceit (as a literary device) | comparing two very dissimilar things
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| pronoun antecedent | the noun or nouns that the pronoun replaces
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| participle | verb form used as an adjective
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| chiasmus | a reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases
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| litotes | a form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite
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| synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole
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| metonymy | substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it
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| apostrophe | address to an absent or imaginary person
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| disparaging | expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory
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| idiomatic | saying something that means something different than the literal meaning
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| didactic | intended to teach
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| anaphora | the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses
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| derisive | ridiculing, mocking
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| concession | Something given up or yielded
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| fallacy | a faulty or illegitimate argument, typically leading to an incorrect conclusion
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| caricature | an exaggerated portrayal of one's features
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| adage | a familiar proverb or wise saying
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| non sequitur | something that does not logically follow, random ideas or phrases that seem to have no connection
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| bombastic | (adj.) pompous or overblown in language; seems to have importance to conceal a lack of ideas
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| morose | having a gloomy or sullen manner; not friendly or sociable
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| trite | lacking in freshness and effectiveness due to constant use
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| affectation | a phony attitude; pose
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| caustic | biting in wit
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| polysyndeton | Deliberate use of many conjunctions
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| appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun
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| erudite | (adj.) scholarly, learned, bookish, pedantic
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| banal | predictably boring, so unoriginal and common that it is obvious and boring
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| blithe | lacking concern or too casually mentioned, could also be carefree
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| syllepsis | use of a word with other words, with each of which it is understood differently
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| assonance | Repetition of vowel sounds, used to achieve emphasis
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| synesthesia | describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("taste the rainbow"
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| invective | insulting, abusive, highly critical language
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| antithesis | the direct opposite, a sharp contrast, could be a style or phrase in literature
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| jargon | vocabulary distinctive to a particular group of people
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| gerund | A verb form ending in -ing that is used as a noun; can be used as a subject, direct object, or indirect object
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| semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning
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| ad hominem | In an argument, this is an attack on the person rather than on the opponent's ideas
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| morass | a complex or confusing situation that is hard to deal with
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| denunciate | to condemn openly
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| self-effacing | not drawing attention to oneself; modest
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| infinitive | the word "to" plus a verb, usually functioning as a noun, and often as a predicate, noun, adverbs, or adjectives in a sentence
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| facetious | (adj.) humorous, not meant seriously
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| asyndeton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words
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| aposiopesis | stopping abruptly and leaving a statement unfinished
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| perspicacious | wise; insightful; acutely intelligent
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| paradox | a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true
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Popular English Verbs sets