Genetics
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| Genetics | The scientific study of DNA and how traits are passed down from one generation to the next
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| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid- contains the information organisms need to survive
shaped like a double helix
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| Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein and trait.
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| Protein | Genes tell the body what proteins to make. When your body makes different proteins, that leads to you having different traits.
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| Chromosome | A condensed strand of DNA. Each chromosome contains many genes.
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| Nucleotides | Building blocks of DNA (A, T, C, G)
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| Double Helix | Shape of DNA
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| Mutation | A random error in an organism's DNA. Changes what proteins the body makes, and therefore changes what traits an organism has. Can be good, bad, or neutral.
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| Inherited Trait | A characteristic that is passed from parent to offspring.
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| Acquired Trait | a characteristic that a living thing gets during its lifetime
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| Physical Trait | A trait that describes the way an organism looks
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| Behavioral Trait | A trait describing how an organism acts, or something that it can do
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| Gregor Mendel | The father of genetics - Experimented with pea plants to discover how genetics work.
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| Allele | Different versions of the same gene.
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| Pure Bred/True Breeding | An organism that has been bred with only similar organisms. Has a homozygous genotype.
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| P1 Generation | parental generation
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| F1 Generation | the first generation of offspring from the P1 generation
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| F2 Generation | offspring of the F1 generation
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| Homozygous | a genotype where the two alleles of a gene are the same (Ex: FF, dd, AA)
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| Heterozygous | A genotype where an organism's two alleles are different (example: Ff, Dd, Aa)
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| Dominant | Describes a trait that covers over, or dominates, another form of that trait.
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| Recessive | An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. The recessive phenotype is only seen if there are NO dominant alleles.
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| Genotype | The combination of alleles that an organism has for a trait
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| Phenotype | An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
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| Punnett Square | diagram that can be used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of a cross between two organisms
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| Hybrid | Another word for heterozygous- when an organisms' genotype has two different alleles.
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Created by:
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Mr. Helfrich
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