Nerve Signaling
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| The difference between sodium and potassium in the generation of action potential is that: | sodium causes depolarization of the cell membrane, and potassium causes repolarization of the cell membrane
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| The sodium-potassium pump actively pumps three potassium ions out of the neuron and two sodium ions into the neuron | False
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| If the magnitude of the local depolarization surpasses a limit called the _____, voltage-gated Na+ channels are stimulated to open. | threshold potential
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| A synapse can occur only between an axon and: | a cell body, a dendrite, another axon
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| Which chemicals allow neurons to communicate with one another? | Neurotransmitters
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| A membrane that exhibits a membrane potential is said to be | Polarized
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| A neurologist is using a voltmeter to measure potential. The membrane potential of a neuron was recorded at +30 mV. This is what type of membrane potential? | Action
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| Which membrane receptor acts to directly change ion permeability when stimulated? | Gated-channel receptor
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| What mechanism quickly terminates the action of a neurotransmitter once it binds to its postsynaptic receptor? | Neurotransmitter molecules are metabolized into inactive compounds, Neurotransmitter molecules are transported into nearby glial cells, and Neurotransmitter molecules are transported back into synaptic knobs.
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| When neurotransmitters from synaptic knobs stimulate a postsynaptic neuron in rapid succession, their effect can add up over a brief period to produce an action potential. This is called | temporal summation
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| The brief period during which a local area of an axon's membrane resists re-stimulation is called the __________ period. | refractory
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| The membrane potential maintained by a nonconducting neuron’s plasma membrane is called the _____ membrane potential. | Resting
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| Movement of the membrane potential away from zero (below the usual RMP) is called | Hyperpolarization
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| When a neuron is resting, the inner surface of its plasma membrane is slightly positive compared with its outer surface | False
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| A term commonly used as a synonym for action potential is | nerve impulse
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| In a myelinated fiber, the action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. | True
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| In a myelinated neuron, the impulse can travel under the myelin between nodes of Ranvier. | True
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| Whether an impulse is continued through the neuron depends on the magnitude of the voltage in the axon hillock | True
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| The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a membrane is called the membrane potential | True
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| There are two types of synapses—the electrical synapse and the __________ synapse. | Chemical
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| The magnitude of the action potential peaks when the sodium channels close. | True
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| In depolarization, the membrane potential moves toward zero, whereas in hyperpolarization the membrane potential moves away from zero. | True
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| The speed of a nerve impulse depends on the neuron’s resting potential | False
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| The action potential seems to “leap” from node to node along a myelinated fiber. This type of impulse regeneration is called __________ conduction. | Saltatory
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| The mechanisms that produce and maintain the resting membrane potential do so by producing a | slight excess of positive ions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane
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| The tiny bulge at the end of a terminal branch of a presynaptic neuron’s axon is called a(n) | synaptic knob
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| Neurons are the only living cells that maintain a difference in the concentration of ions across their membranes | False
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| The active transport mechanism in the plasma membrane that transports sodium and potassium ions in opposite directions and at different rates is the | sodium-potassium pump
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| If the threshold potential is surpassed, the full peak of the action potential is always reached. | True
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| An ion channel that opens in response to a sensory stimulus is a(n) | stimulus-gated channel.
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