Anatomy and Physiology
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| the parts of a reflex arc are: | sensory (afferent) neurons->integrating ctr->interneurons (efferent)
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| which part of a reflex arc carries impulses from sensory receptors to the CNS? | sensory neurons
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| which part of a reflex arc carries impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands? | interneurons
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| in a reflex arc muscles and glands are classified as: | effactors
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| skeletal muscles are controlled by these PNS nerves: | somatic
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| part of the nervous system the includes the brain and spinal cord: | CNS
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| rough ER in cell body of neurons which are able to make neurotransmitters: | nissl substance
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| trace the path of an impulse through a neuron: | dendrite->cell body->axon->synapse->
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| cells that make up the myelin sheath in the PNS: | schwan cells
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| cells that provide cushioning for neurons in the PNS: | satalite cells
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| cells that perform phagocytosis in the CNS: | microglia
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| cells that make up the myelin sheath in the CNS: | oligodendrocytes
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| ciliated cells that make and circulate cerebrospinal fluis (CSF): | ependymal
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| cells that make up the blood-brain barrier: | astrocytes
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| what is the name given to the gaps between schwann cells? | nodes of rompier
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| which of these can pass the blood-brain barrier readily? which cannot?: O2____, alcohol____, proteins_____, CO2_____, anesthetics_____, antibiotics____, | y; y; n; y; y; n
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| gray matter contains __________________axons; white matter contains____________axons | unmylenated; mylenated
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| chemical messengers which cross synapses are: | neurotransmitters
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| the reversal of charge on an axon which marks the passage of an impulse is: | depolarization
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| when a neuron is not conducting an impulse, it is in: | resting potential
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| identify the part of the brain that controls the pituitary gland: | hypothalmus
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| identify the part of the brain that contains the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain: | brainstem
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| identify the part of the brain that the medulla oblongata reflex centers control: | heart-rate, respiratory-rate
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| identify the part of the brain that controls conscious thinking and memory: | cerebrium
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| identify the part of the brain that controls coordination and movements: | cerebelum
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| identify the part of the brain that controls communication between herispheres of the cerebrum: | corpus callosum
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| a bundle of neurons in the PNS is a _______; in the CNS is a _________ | nerve; track
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| communication up and down the spinal cord is carried out by: | white matter tracks
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| the tough membrane that protects the spinal cord and brain: | meninges
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| name the layers of the meninges from superficial to deep: | dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
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| inflammation of the meninges is called: | meningitis
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| name the division of the autonomic nervous system which is active during periods of stress: | sympathetic nervous system
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| name the division of the autonomic nervous system which handles routine body functions: | parasympathetic nervous system
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| cranial and spinal nerves are part of the: | CNS
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| which membrane covers the eyeball and eyelid? | conjunctiva
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| which fluid is located in the anterior segment? | aquious humor
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| which fluid is located in the posterior segment? | vitreous humor
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| which eye layer has blood vessles to provide nutrients to the other layers? | choroid
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| located in the center of the retina, the name means "yellow spot": | macula lutea
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| depression containing cones, but no rods; high visual acuity area: | fovea centralis
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| "blind spot" where the optic nerve leaves the retina: | optic disc
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| transparent window of the eye; lets light in: | cornea
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| glad that produces tears: | lacrimal gland
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| this structure drains fluid from the anterior segment: | scleral venous sinus
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| "white" of the eye; made up of tough, fibrous CT: | sclera
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| the__________muscles move the eyes alloving convergence. | extrensic
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| the ciliary muscle___________for close vision, allowing the lens to become rounded and_________for distance vision, allowing the lens to become flat | contracts; relaxes
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| process in which the lens becomes rounded for close vision: | accomodation
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| The_____controls the amount of light entering the eye by opening and closing the _________ | iris; pupil
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| the two intrinsic muscles are the______________ and_______ | ciliary muscle; iris
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| layer of the eye that contains photoreceptors and does visual processing: | retina
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| nerve that takes visual image to the brain: | optic nerve
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| part of the brain that interprets visual images: | occipital lobe
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| trace the path of light through the eye: | cornea->aqueous humor->pupil->lens->vitreous humor->retina
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| the receptors for hearing are located in this specific part of the cochlea: | organ of corti
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| the receptors for equilibrium are located in the_________________and______________ | semicircular canals; vestibule
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| membrane-lined spaces inside the ear are_____________labyrinth filled with_____________ | membranous; endolymph
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| bony labyrinth is lined by____________filled with_____________ | periosteum; perilymph
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| the bones of the middle ear are collectivly known as the___________and are called the 1)________ 2)___________ 3)___________ | ossicles; maleus; incus; stapes
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| structure that connects the middle ear to the nasopharynx: | auditory tube
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| external ear structure that is made up of elastic cartilage and gathers sound: | pina
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| the anatomical name for the eardrum is the: | tempanic membrane
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| which membrane supports the haie-like receptors for hearing? | basilar membrane
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| whicmembrane is superior to the hearing receptors? | tectorial membrane
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| pressure relief valve that "calms the waves" in the perilymph: | round window
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| which nerve carries hearing and equilibrium impulses from ear to brain? | vertibulocochlear nerve
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| what term is given to the maintenance of balance when a person is not moving, or moving in a straight line? | static equilibrium
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| what term is given to the maintenance of balance when a person is moving; especially rotational movements? | dynamic equilibrium
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| the receptors for static equilibrium are called____________ and are located in the___________ | maculae; vestibule
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| otoliths are ____________________and contribute to_________equilibrium | calcium carbonate "stones"; static
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| dynamic equilibrium receptors are called__________ and are located in_________________ | christae; semicircular canals
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| part of the brain that interprets hearing and equilibrium: | temporal lobe
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| located in the superior portionof the nasal cavity are the____________receptors, nonmotile cilia called___________________ | olfactory; olfactory receptor cells
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| sense of smell is carried toward the brain by the__________________and it is interpreted by__________and________________ | olfactory nerve; frontal; temporal lobe
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| the five tastes are: | salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami
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| taste receptors are known as___________cells and are located on___________ | gustatory; papillae
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| which part of the brain interprets taste stimuli? | parietal lobe
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| which papillae have taste receptors? | circumvallate and fungiform
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