Speech Language Mechanism and Production
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| Location of Broca's Area | Inferior frontal gyrus of the frontal lobe; superior to the Sylvian fissure at the inferior end of the premotor cortex
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| What does Broca's area do with regard to speech production? | With input from subcortical structures, it develops the motor sequencing plan for speech sounds (motor programming) and expressive aspects of speech (language thought)
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| How would trauma to Broca's area manifest if a person with the condition were asked a question? | Trauma to this area would cause inability to speak (even though the question was understood) because the motor behavior of talking could not be planned.
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| What is the Perisylvian Zone/Area? | Area/zone of the brain which contains the cerebral structures for communication:[BWAASSMC] Broca's, Wernicke's, arcuate fasciculus, angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, subcotical areas, motor cortex,corpus callosum
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| What does the word "perisylvian" mean? | peri = around; sylvian = sylvian fissure (aka lateral sulcus)
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| Where is Wernicke's Area located? | located in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus
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| What does Wernicke's area do with regard to speech production? | responsible for the comprehension of spoken language and the generation & formulation of internal linguistic concepts (ideas)
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| What are the cortical and subcortical structures that provide Broca's area with information? | parietal lobe, basal nuclei, limbic system, and cerebellum
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| How does the arcuate fasciculous function with regard to speech production? | Idea information from Wernicke's area is transmitted to the premotor cortex (Broca's area) via this large grouping of association fibers
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| What is the function of the angular gyrus in speech production? | symbolic integration for reading (understanding written symbols)
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| Angular gyrus processes information from which lobe of the brain? | Occipital lobe sends info to this gyrus.
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| Angular gyrus shares the same function as which other gyrus? | shares same function as surpramarginal gyrus
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| What is the function of the surpramarginal gyrus in speech production? | symbolic integration for reading (understanding written symbols)
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| How would a person be affected if she had a stroke that damaged the supramarginal gyrus? | A stroke in this area would prevent the ability to interpret symbols for reading and writing
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| How would a person be affected if she had a stroke that damaged the angular gyrus? | A stroke in this area would prevent the ability to interpret symbols for reading and writing
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| Supramarginal gyrus processes information from which lobe of the brain? | Occipital lobe sends info to this gyrus.
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| Where is the supramarginal gyrus located? | this gyrus is located anteriorly to the angular gyrus; it curves around the posterior end of the Sylvian fissure (lateral sulcus)
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| Where are the subcortical areas of the brain located? | These areas lie deep to the cerebral cortex
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| What is the function of the subcortical areas with regard to speech production? | They act as a relay station between wernicke's and Broca's area;also provide connections to and from the thalamus and other parts of the perisylvian zone.
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| What is the function of the motor cortex for speech production? | Function is to activate the voluntary muscles of speech production
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| What role does the corpus callosum play in speech production. | This tract of commissural fibers transmits information between hemispheres so that the motor actions of speech production happen simultaneously on both sides of the body.
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| To begin speech production an idea formulates in which area? | Wernicke's area begins speech production in this way
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| The information produced in Wernicke's area is transmitted to Broca's area via which fibers? | Arculate fascicullous communicates between these areas
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| Signals from corpus callosum travel down descending motor pathways to the muscles of which speech systems? | Respiration, Phonation, Articulation
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| What is the general sequence of speech production? | Wernicke's = idea; idea goes via arcuate fasciculous to Broca's area; Broca's plans motor mvmnts w/ info from parietal lobe,basal nuclei,limbic syst;sends sig to PMC via associatn fibers;corpus collosum xmits to opp side;signals dn descending mtr pathways
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| What role does the cerebellum play in speech production? | coordinates rapid, precise movements of speech muscles; grades (smoothes out) speech flow.
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| What role does the limbic system play in speech production? | memory and learning; emotion involved in outbursts
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| What role do the basal nuclei play in speech production? | Plays significant role in smooth motor behavior, also in learning, memory, and emotion behind expressions of contempt and disgust
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| What role does the hippocampus play in speech production? | gets any newly learned information into long term memory during sleep
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| What subcortical structure/system houses the hippocampus? | The limbic system
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| what is the function of the fornix and to what structure/system does it belong? | Function: memory and learning; assists other limbic areas; the limbic system
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| What role does the cingulate gyrus play in speech production? | Memory and learning; emotion involved in outbursts
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| What structures make up the limbic system? | The hippocampus, fornix, and cingulate gyrus
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| What structures make up the basal nuclei? | Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
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| What is the role of the caudate nucleus in speech? | learning and memory with regard to motor movements; connected to the frontal lobe
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| What is the function of the putamen with regard to speech production? | motor learning and performance; regulation of movement for talking;involved in responses of contempt and disgust
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| What is the role of the globus pallidus in speech production? | memory and learning thought; assists putamen
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| Primary motor cortex is responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movements or for INvoluntary movements? | Responsible for voluntary skeletal muscle movement.
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| Which hemisphere is the language-dominant side? | The left hemisphere
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