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Paramedic Medical Emergencies: GI/Uro/Neph/Immune/Hema/Toxicology

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question/Definition
Term/Answer
show 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)  
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show Acid  
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Immunity that develops over time and results from exposure to an antigen. (aka Specific Immunity)   show
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show Activated Charcoal  
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show Active Immunity  
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Movement of a molecule through a cell membrane from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration; movement requires energy consumption within the cell   show
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show Acute Gastroenteritis  
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The sudden onset of severely decreased urine output production (aka Acute Renal Failure (ARF))   show
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show Acute Tubular Necrosis  
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Compulsive and overwhelming physiological and/or psychological dependence on a drug   show
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show Adhesion  
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Transmitted through the air by droplets or particles   show
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A substance that liberates hydroxyl ions (OH-) when in a solution; a strong base   show
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show Allergen  
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show Allergic Reaction  
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A hypersensitive state acquired through exposure to a particular allergen   show
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show Anaphylaxis  
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show Anemia  
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show Angioneurotic Edema  
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A form of inflammatory arthritis that primarily affects the spine   show
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Protein that is produced in response to and that attack a disease antigen   show
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show Antidiuresis  
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A substance that will neutralize a specific toxin or counteract its effect on the body   show
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show Antigen  
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No elimination of urine   show
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Inflammation of the vermiform appendix at the junction of the large and small intestines   show
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A waterlike fluid that surrounds the iris, pupil, and lens of the eye   show
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The part of the tubule beyond the descending loop of Henle   show
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show Autoimmune Disease  
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The body’s formation of antibodies against itself   show
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show B Lymphocytes  
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Microscopic single-celled organisms that range in length from 1 to 20 micrometers   show
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show Bactericidal  
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show Bacteriostatic  
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A type of white blood cell that participates in allergic responses   show
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show Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy  
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Transmitted by contact with blood or body fluids   show
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Phenomenon in which a decrease in PCO2 acidity causes an increase in the quantity of oxygen that binds with hemoglobin and , Conversely, an increase in PCO2 acidity causes the hemoglobin to give up a greater quantity of oxygen   show
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Blockage of the hollow space within the intestines; can be catastrophic if not rapidly diagnosed and treated   show
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The hollow, cup-shaped first part of the nephron tubule   show
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show Brudzinski’s Sign  
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show Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS)  
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show Cataract  
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show Cell-Mediated Immunity  
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show Cellular Immunity  
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An infection of the skin that often involves the associated soft tissues   show
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show Cerumen  
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An inflammation or infection resulting from blockage of a gland of the eyelid   show
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Highly contagious sexually transmitted ulcer   show
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The movement of white blood cells in response to chemical signals   show
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show Chikungunya Virus Disease  
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show Chlamydia  
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Inflammation of the Gallbladder   show
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show Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)  
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Non acute inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa   show
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Permanently inadequate renal function due to nephron loss (aka Chronic Renal Failure (CRF))   show
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Pain that persists longer than that typically seen in others who have the same condition   show
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show Circumcision  
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show Cirrhosis  
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acute pain associated with cramping or spasms in the abdominal organs   show
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show Collecting Duct  
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capable of being transmitted to another host   show
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time when a host can transmit an infectious agent to someone else   show
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show Community-Acquired Infection  
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Presence of an agent only on the surface of the host without penetrating it   show
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the outer tissue of an organ such as the kidney   show
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show Creatinine  
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show Crohn’s Disease  
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viral illness characterized by inspiratory and expiratory stridor and a seal bark-like cough   show
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Ecchymosis in the periumbilical area   show
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A disorder of unknown causes characterized by repeated, sudden episodes of severe nausea , vomiting comma and physical exhaustion   show
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show Cystitis  
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the process of minimizing toxicity by reducing the amount of toxin absorbed into the body   show
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a hypersensitivity that develops after the elapse of some time following reexposure of an antigen; Usually less severe than immediate reactions   show
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A disorder found in habitual and excessive users of alcoholic beverages after cessation of drinking for 48 to 72 hours   show
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show Descending Loop of Henle  
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the solution used in dialysis that is hypo osmolar to many of the wastes and key electrolytes in blood   show
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show Disease Period  
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process that destroys certain forms of microorganisms, but not all   show
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show Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)  
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the part of the tubule beyond the ascending loop of henle   show
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formation and passage of a large amount of dilute urine, decreasing blood volume   show
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small outpouching's in the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract   show
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inflammation of diverticula   show
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presence of diverticula, with or without associated bleeding   show
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poisoning from a pharmacological substance in excess of that usually prescribed or that the body can tolerate   show
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show Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)  
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acute infection of the brain, usually caused by a virus   show
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show Endolymph  
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toxic products released when bacteria die and decompose   show
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an extreme failure of kidney function due to nephron loss; (aka ESRF)   show
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an exotoxin that produces gastrointestinal symptoms and diseases such as food poisoning   show
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inflammation of an epicondyle (a prominence on the distal part of a long bone to which muscles and ligaments attach)   show
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a saclike duct adjacent to a testis that stores sperm cells   show
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show Epiglottitis  
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show Erythrocyte  
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The process of producing red blood cells   show
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a hormone produced by kidney cells that stimulates maturation of red blood cells   show
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show Esophageal Varix  
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show Exotoxin  
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show Facilitated Diffusion  
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show Fasciitis  
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transmission of organisms picked up from the gastrointestinal tract into the mouth   show
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show Fibrinolysis  
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a condition characterized by widespread pain in the muscles and soft tissues throughout the body (aka Central Sensitivity Syndrome (CSS))   show
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show Filtrate  
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the part of the back below the ribs and above the hip bones   show
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nonspecific term often applied to gastroenteritis that occurs suddenly and that is caused by the ingestion of food containing preformed toxins   show
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plantlike microorganism   show
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show Gangrene  
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show Gastric Lavage  
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generalized disorder involving nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal cramping or discomfort, and diarrhea   show
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words occurring in the general area caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV)   show
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show Genitourinary System  
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show German Measles  
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show Glomerular Filtration  
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show Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)  
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show Glomerulus  
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the body cells inability to take up glucose from the bloodstream   show
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sexually transmitted disease caused by a Gram-negative bacterium   show
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a form of inflammatory arthritis that occurs when uric acid accumulates in the joints   show
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show Gram Stain  
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show Grey Turner’s Sign  
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show Hantavirus  
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bloody vomitus   show
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show Hematochezia  
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show Hematocrit  
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the study of blood and the blood-forming organs   show
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show Hematopoiesis  
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a dialysis procedure relying on vascular access to the blood and on an artificial membrane   show
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show Hemoglobin  
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destruction of red blood cells   show
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show Hemophilia  
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small mass of swollen veins in the anus or rectum   show
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show Hemostasis  
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show Hepatitis  
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protrusion of an organ through its protective sheath   show
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Organism that causes infections characterized by fluid filled vesicles, usually in the oral cavity or on the genitals   show
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the notched part of the kidney where the ureter and other structures join kidney tissue   show
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show Histamine  
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A parasite that attaches to the host's intestinal lining   show
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Organism responsible for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome   show
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Specialized, permanent defense against a particular foreign antigen resulting from an attack of an invading substance by antibodies   show
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show Hymenoptera  
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having a concentration in one substance greater than that of a second solution   show
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show Hypersensitivity  
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show Hyphema  
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show Hypo-osmolar  
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show Immediate Hypersensitivity  
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show Immune Response  
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show Immune System  
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show Immunoglobulin (Ig)  
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show Impetigo  
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show Incubation Period  
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the individual who first introduces an infectious agent to a population   show
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show Induced Active Immunity  
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show Infarction  
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presence of an agent within the host, without necessarily causing disease   show
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show Infectious Disease  
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presence of parasites that do not break the host’s skin   show
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show Inflammatory Process  
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show Influenza  
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entry of a substance into the body through the gastrointestinal tract   show
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entry of a substance into the body through the respiratory tract   show
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entry of a substance into the body through a break in the skin   show
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an inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons   show
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show Intrarenal Abscess  
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show Intussusception  
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show Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)  
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the inability to concentrate or dilute urine relative to the osmolarity of blood   show
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show Kernig’s Sign  
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an organ that produces urine and forms other functions related to the urinary system   show
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show Kiesselbach’s Plexus  
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time when a host cannot transmit an infectious agent to someone else   show
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a cancer of the hematopoietic cells   show
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show Leukocyte  
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too many white blood cells   show
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too few white blood cells   show
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the process through which stem cells differentiate into the white blood cells’ immature forms   show
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parasitic infestation of the skin of the scalp , trunk, or pubic area   show
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show Ligament of Treitz  
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show Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding  
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show Ludwig’s Angina  
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show Lyme Disease  
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Overflow circulatory fluid in spaces between tissues   show
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show Lymphatic System  
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cell that attacks invader in immune response   show
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a cancer of the lymphatic system   show
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after neutrophils comma the most common phagocytic white blood cell   show
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show Major Basic Protein (MBP)  
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esophageal laceration, usually secondary to vomiting, with resulted bleeding   show
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a device for protecting the face   show
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specialized cell of the immune system that contains chemicals that assist in the immune response   show
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show McBurney’s Point  
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highly contagious, acute viral disease characterized by a reddish rash that appears on the 4th or 5th day of illness   show
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the inner tissue of an organ such as the kidney   show
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show Melena  
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inflammation of the meninges, usually caused by an infection   show
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occlusion or narrowing of one of the mesenteric arteries, causing a reduction in oxygen and nutrients to the portion of the intestine that is normally supplied by the artery, leading , if not treated, to tissue death and infection   show
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a disease affecting the smallest blood vessels   show
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show Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)  
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acute disease caused by the Epstein Barr virus   show
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show Multiple Myeloma  
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acute viral disease characterized by painful enlargement of the salivary glands   show
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show Murphy’s Sign  
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genetically predetermined immunity that is present at birth and has no relation to previous exposure to a particular pathogen. (aka Innate Immunity)   show
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immunity that begins to develop after birth and is continually enhanced by exposure to new pathogens and antigens throughout life   show
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show Necrotizing Fasciitis (NF)  
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show Nephrology  
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a microscopic structure within the kidney that produces urine   show
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show Neutropenia  
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the most common phagocytic white cell   show
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organisms that live inside our bodies without ordinarily causing disease   show
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show Nosocomial  
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show Nosocomial Infection  
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Organism that can grow and reproduce only within a host cell   show
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decrease urine elimination to 400 to 500 mLs or less per day   show
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show Opportunistic Pathogen  
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a membranous structure that separates the anterior aspect of the eye from the posterior aspect of the eye   show
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Phosphorus-containing organic chemicals   show
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show Osgood-Schlatter Disease  
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show Osmolarity  
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the diffusion pattern of water in which molecules move to equalize concentrations on both sides of a membrane   show
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greatly increase urination and dehydration that results when high levels of glucose cannot be absorbed into the blood from the kidney tubules and the osmotic pressure of the glucose in the tubules also prevents water reabsorption   show
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show Osteoarthritis (OA)  
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an infection of the bone   show
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thinning of bone tissue in loss of bone density from mineral loss that occurs overtime   show
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show Pancolitis  
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show Pancreatitis  
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show Papilla  
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Organism that lives in or on another Organism from which it derives nutriment   show
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acquired immunity that results from administration of antibodies either from the mother to the infant across the placental barrier or through vaccination   show
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a disease producing agent or invading substance   show
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show Penis  
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show Peptic Ulcer  
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a pocket of infection in the layer of fat surrounding the kidney   show
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show Peritonitis  
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disease characterized by severe, violent coughing   show
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show Phagocytosis  
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show Pharyngitis  
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show Photopigments  
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show Pinworm  
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thick, pale yellow fluid that makes up the liquid part of the blood   show
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show Pluripotent Stem Cell  
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show Pneumonia  
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show Polycythemia  
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show Portal  
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acute renal failure caused by obstruction distal to the kidney (aka Postrenal ARF)   show
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show PPD  
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acute renal failure caused by decreased blood perfusion to the kidney (aka Prerenal ARF)   show
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A management plan to minimize further damage to vital tissues   show
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a painful, prolonged erection of the penis   show
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show Primary Response  
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particles of protein, folded in such a way that protease enzymes cannot act on them   show
🗑
show Proctitis  
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show Prostate Gland  
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show Prostatitis  
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show Protozoan  
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show Proximal Tubule  
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a raised, wedge-shaped growth of the conjunctiva of the eye   show
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an infection an inflammation of the kidney   show
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show Pyramids  
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viral disorder that affects the nervous system   show
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the movement of a substance from a nephron tubule back into the blood   show
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show Reduced Nephron Mass  
🗑
show Referred Pain  
🗑
show Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy (RSD)  
🗑
pertaining to the kidneys   show
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show Renal AKI  
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show Renal Calculi  
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show Renal Dialysis  
🗑
show Renal Pelvis  
🗑
show Renin  
🗑
injury or inflammation of tissues caused by repeated motions   show
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show Reservoir  
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a host's ability to fight off infection   show
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show Respirator  
🗑
common cause of pneumonia an bronchiolitis in children   show
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a collective term for the network of various cells involved in the immune response   show
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a chronic disease that leads to inflammation and injury to the joints and the surrounding tissues   show
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show Ryan White Act  
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skin disease caused by mite infestation and characterized by intense itching   show
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a muscular SAC outside the abdominal cavity that contains the testes, epididymis, and vas deferens   show
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show Sebum  
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response by the immune system that takes place if the body is exposed to the same antigen again; antibodies specific for the offending antigen are released   show
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The movement of a substance from the blood into a nephron tubule   show
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show Semen  
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show Sensitization  
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show Sepsis  
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infection of a joint, usually by bacteria but sometimes by viruses or fungi   show
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The trapping of red blood cells by an organ such as the spleen   show
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creation of antibodies after exposure to a disease   show
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a highly infectious viral respiratory illness that first appeared in southern China in 2002   show
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show Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD)  
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show Sickle Cell Disease  
🗑
show Simple Diffusion  
🗑
inflammation of the paranasal sinuses   show
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show Slow-Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis (SRS-A)  
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Sharp, localized pain that originates in walls of the body such as skeletal muscles   show
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male reproductive cell   show
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show Sterilization  
🗑
an infection of the eyelid caused by blockage of the oil glands associated with an eyelash (aka External Hordeolum)   show
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Use of a pharmacological substance for purposes other than medically defined reasons   show
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entry of a substance into the body directly through the skin or mucous membrane   show
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bloodborne sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochete Treponema Pallidum   show
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A whole-body inflammatory state   show
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show Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)  
🗑
cells that attack invaders in cell-mediated immune responses   show
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an inflammation of a tendon   show
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an inflammation of the lining of the sheath (synovium) that surrounds a tendon   show
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male sex organs   show
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show Testicular Torsion  
🗑
acute bacterial infection of the central nervous system   show
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show Therapeutic Index  
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blood platelets   show
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an abnormal decrease in the number of platelets   show
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an abnormal increase in the number of platelets   show
🗑
the need to progressively increase the dose of a drug to reproduce the effect originally achieved by smaller doses   show
🗑
study of the detection, chemistry, pharmacological actions, and antidotes of toxic substances   show
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a toxic syndrome; a group of typical signs and symptoms consistently associated with exposure to a particular type of toxin   show
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any poisonous chemicals accreted by bacteria or released following destruction of the bacteria; any chemical (drug, poison, or other) that causes adverse effects on an Organism that is exposed to it   show
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show Trichinosis  
🗑
sexually transmitted disease caused by the protozoan Trichomonas Vaginalis   show
🗑
show Tuberculosis (TB)  
🗑
show Ulcerative Colitis  
🗑
show Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding  
🗑
waste derived from ammonia produced through protein metabolism   show
🗑
show Uremia  
🗑
show Ureter  
🗑
the duct that carries urine from the bladder out of the body; in men, it also carries reproductive fluid (semen) to the outside of the body   show
🗑
show Urethritis  
🗑
the muscular organ that stores urine before its elimination from body   show
🗑
show Urinary Stasis  
🗑
the group of organs that produce urine, maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance for the body   show
🗑
show Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)  
🗑
the fluid made by the kidney and eliminated from the body   show
🗑
show Urology  
🗑
show Urticaria  
🗑
viral disease characterized by a rash of fluid filled vesicles that rupture, forming small ulcers that eventually scab (aka Chickenpox)   show
🗑
the duct that carries sperm cells from the epididymis to the urethra   show
🗑
show Virulence  
🗑
show Virus  
🗑
doll, poorly localized pain that originates in the walls of hollow organs such as the ureter or bladder   show
🗑
clear, Jelly like fluid that fills the vitreous cavity of the eye   show
🗑
show Volvulus  
🗑
show Von Willebrand’s Disease  
🗑
show Whole Bowel Irrigation  
🗑
Time between exposure to a disease and seroconversion   show
🗑
show Withdrawal  
🗑
a disease caused by the zika virus and spread by the Aedes species of mosquitoes   show
🗑
condition that causes the stomach to secrete excessive amounts of hydrochloric acid and pepsin   show
🗑
What is the hallmark finding for a patient with an acute abdominal emergency? A. Pain B. Fever C. Nausea D. Vomiting   show
🗑
What type of pain is characterized as sharp and travels along definite routes to the spinal column? A. Tearing B. Somatic C. Referred D. Visceral   show
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show C. 4-6 liters  
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Persistent abdominal pain lasting longer than ___ hours is classified as a surgical emergency and always requires transport. A. 2 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6   show
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show B. 20mL/kg  
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show C. Diverticulosis  
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show B. Appendicitis  
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show C. Upper right  
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You are treating a patient with a positive Murphy's sign, nausea, and point tenderness. If you desire to administer an analgesic, you would use ___. A. Diazepam B. Fentanyl C. Nitroglycerin D. Uses none of these as analgesics are not warranted   show
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show D. Hepatitis E  
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Backup of food from the small intestine to the stomach is prevented by the ___. A. Pyloric sphincter B. Internal anal sphincter C. Ileocecal valve D. Lower esophageal sphincter   show
🗑
show D. Stomach  
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show C. Conversion of starch to maltose  
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show A. Enamel  
🗑
The only voluntary aspect of swallowing is ___ A. Peristalsis of the esophagus B. Elevation of the tongue C. Elevation of the soft palate D. Contraction of the Pharynx   show
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show C. Hydrochloric Acid  
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show C. Hemoglobin  
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show D. Gallbladder  
🗑
Bile and pancreatic juices are carried to the duodenum by the _ A. Cystic duct B. Pancreatic duct C. Hepatic duct D. Common bile duct   show
🗑
Bicarbonate pancreatic juice is important to neutralize hydrochloric acid that enters the ___ A. Pancreas B. Duodenum C. Esophagus D. Stomach   show
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show A. Absorption of nutrients  
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The functions of the large intestines includes all of these except _ A. Elimination of undigested material B. Absorption of vitamins and minerals C. Absorption of water D. Digestion of starch   show
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The liver is able to detoxify potentially harmful substances by means of the synthesis of specific __ A. Lipoproteins B. Plasma proteins C. Enzymes D. Steroids   show
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Contraction of the gallbladder is stimulated by __ A. Cholecystokinin B. Epinephrine C. Secretin D. Gastrin   show
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show D. Both A and B are correct  
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At the junction of the esophagus and the stomach is a circular smooth muscle called the ___. Contraction of this sphincter prevents the backup of ___ into the ___.   show
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Mrs. L is 50 years old and has been feeling pain in the upper right abdominal quadrant after eating. You suspect that Mrs. L has stones in which accessory organ of digestion?   show
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If gallstones are producing frequent and severe pain, the most effective procedure is ___.   show
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show Bacteria  
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show Bilirubin; liver  
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All of the following are considered part of the lower gastrointestinal tract EXCEPT the: A. Jejunum B. Ileum C. Duodenum D. Large Intestine   show
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show Referred  
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Increased hepatic resistance to blood flow, as happens in cirrhosis, results in: A. Hepatic arterial HTN & obstruction of common bile duct B. Portal vein HTN & esophageal varices C.Portal artery HTN & ascites D.Hepatic vein HTN & hepatic vein aneurysm   show
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Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract proximal to the ligament of Treitz is considered to be in the: A. Colon B. Small Intestine C. Lower GI Tract D. Upper GI Tract   show
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In glomerular filtration, BP forces plasma, dissolved substances, & small proteins out of the glomerulus & into ___.   show
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show C. Osmosis  
🗑
The renal vein takes blood from the kidney to the __.   show
🗑
The glomerular filtration rate will (increase or decrease) if blood flow through the kidneys decreases?   show
🗑
The cells that secrete renin are called ____ cells, which are located in the wall of the ____ arteriole.   show
🗑
If blood flow through the kidneys decreases, then the GFR will (increase or decrease)?   show
🗑
To help maintain the normal pH of the blood, ___ ions may be secreted into the renal filtrate. A. Ammonium B. Sodium C. Chloride D. Hydrogen   show
🗑
show 1 minute  
🗑
In tubular reabsorption, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by the process of ___. A. Active Transport B. Pinocytosis C. Osmosis D. Passive Transport   show
🗑
The muscular digestive tube in which food passes through the body from mouth to anus; includes the esophagus, pharynx, stomach, and intestines   show
🗑
show Ducts  
🗑
show Peristalsis  
🗑
the digestive process in which food moves through the GI tract; includes swallowing and peristalsis   show
🗑
a form of mechanical digestion that involves contractions of the circular muscles in the digestive tract to mix food with digestive juices and increase nutrient absorption by moving food over the intestinal wall   show
🗑
the digestive process in which food is is physically prepared for chemical digestion; includes chewing, churning of food in the stomach, and segmentation   show
🗑
the digestive process that involves secretions of digestive enzymes throughout the digestive tract that break down food and other nutrients into their chemical building blocks for easier use   show
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the digestive process that functions to transport digested end products from the lumen of the alimentary canal and into the blood and lymphatic capillaries   show
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show Defecation  
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In reference to the abdominal Regions, all of the following are part of the Superior 3 Regions EXCEPT: A. Left Hypochondriac Region B. Epigastric Region C. Umbilical Region D. Right Hypochondriac Region   show
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show B. Epigastric Region  
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In reference to the abdominal Regions, all of the following are part of the Inferior 3 Regions EXCEPT: A. Epigastric Region B. Left Iliac (Inguinal) Region C. Right Iliac (Inguinal) Region D. Hypogastric (Pubic) Region   show
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The inner peritoneum wrapped around the internal organs that are located inside the intraperitoneal cavity   show
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show Parietal  
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show Mesenteries  
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show Masticate  
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show B. Hymenoptera Stings  
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Medical term for itching   show
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The appropriate dose of epinephrine for a patient experiencing an allergic reaction with dyspnea and wheezing is: A. 0.3 mg 1:1,000 IM B. 0.75 mg 1:10,000 IM C. 0.15 mg 1:10,000 IM D. 1 mg 1:1,000 IV/IO   show
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show 30 - 60  
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Diphenhydramine acts on ___ receptors   show
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show Increase  
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The release of histamine in the body from an allergic reaction promotes vasodilation and an (increase or decrease) in vascular permeability?   show
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The surface of the tooth   show
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The bone-like structure that underlies the enamel cap and forms the bulk of the tooth   show
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show Hepatocytes  
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Cells of the liver that destroy bacteria, foreign particles, and worn-out red blood cells   show
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show Hepatic Vein  
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Vessel of liver circulation that carries oxygenated blood to the liver   show
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Vessel of liver circulation that carries nutrient-rich blood from the stomach and intestines   show
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The liver plays a major role in manufacturing many of the substances required for ___   show
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show Hepatic Ducts  
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show E. All of the above  
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Anemia that is caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or a lack of intrinsic factor   show
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Anemia that is caused by a suppression of the red bone marrow with decreased production of RBC's, WBC's, and platelets   show
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Anemia that is caused by the destruction of red blood cells before the end of their normal life span   show
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show Sickle-Cell Anemia  
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show Iron-Deficiency Anemia  
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show Thymosin  
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