Peripheral Nervous System
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| Which nerves are involved in the Peripheral Nervous System | Includes all nervous tissue outside of CNS; Includes cranial nerves, spinal nerves that exit the spinal cord, and all nerves that connect with either of these
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| What is the name of cranial nerve I? | Olfactory nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve I? | Function of nerve: Nerve that controls sense of smell
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| What is the name of cranial nerve II? | Optic nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve II? | Function of nerve: Vision
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| What is the name of cranial nerve III? | Oculomotor nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve III? | Function of nerve: Innervates muscles that move the eyeball, pupil, and upper eyelid
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| What is the name of cranial nerve IV? | Trochlear nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve IV? | Function of nerve: Innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye
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| What is the name of cranial nerve V? | Trigeminal nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve V? | Function of nerve: Primarily responsible for chewing and facial sensation. Partially responsible for soft palate movement and Eustachian tube function.
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| What is the name of cranial nerve VI? | Abducens
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| What is the function of cranial nerve VI? | Function of nerve: Abducts the eye away from the nose
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| What is the name of cranial nerve VII? | Facial Nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve VII? | Function of nerve: Movement of facial muscles; taste & salivary gland function
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| What is the name of cranial nerve VIII? | Acoustic Vestibular nerve (aka Vestibulocochlear)
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| What is the function of cranial nerve VIII? | Function of nerve: Hearing and balance
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| What is the name of cranial nerve IX? | Glossopharyngeal nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve IX? | Function of nerve: Taste, innervates Stylopharyngeus and maybe part of the middle constrictor, and some salivary glands. Very important nerve for swallowing
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| What is the name of cranial nerve X? | Vagus nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve X? | Function of nerve: Involved in taste, swallowing, elevation of the velum, phonation, cardiac function, respiration and digestive systems
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| What is the name of cranial nerve XI? | Accessory nerve (aka Spinal accessory)
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| What is the function of cranial nerve XI? | Function of nerve: Innervates neck and shoulder muscles, maybe Musculus uvula and levator veli palatini.
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| What is the name of cranial nerve XII? | Hypoglossal nerve
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| What is the function of cranial nerve XII? | Tongue movement
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| What are the names of the Cranial nerves? | [OOOTTAFAGVH] On Old Olympus’ Towering Top, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial
Acoustic-Vestibular:[AKA Vestibulocochlear]
Vagus
Accessory
Hypoglossal
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| Name the function of each cranial nerve--sensory, motor or both? | Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More.
I sensory
II sensory
III motor
IV motor
V sensory and motor
VI motor
VII sensory and motor
VIII sensory
IX sensory and motor
X sensory and motor
XI motor
XII motor
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| All motor tracts are efferent or afferent? | Efferent (descending)
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| All sensory tracts are efferent or afferent? | Afferent (ascending)
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| Where do cranial nerves originate? | nuclei in the CNS
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| What are the nerves involved in speech production? | CN V: Trigeminal- Jaw muscles
CN VII: Facial- Muscles of the face
CN IX: Glossopharyngeal- Stylopharyngeus
CN X: Vagus- palatal and laryngeal
CN XII: Hypoglossal- tongue movement
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| What is the Lateral innervation of CN V: Trigeminal | Ipsilateral
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| What is the Lateral innervation of CN VII: Facial | Ipsilateral and contralateral (aka bilateral innervation- more life sustaining)
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| What is the Lateral innervation of CN IX: Glossopharyngeal | Ipsilateral
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| What is the Lateral innervation of CN XII: Hypoglossal | Ipsilateral and contralateral (or bilateral innervation- more life sustaining)
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| what are the Nerves for respiration | A. Diaphragm: CN X Vagus
B. All other muscles of inhalation & exhalation: spinal nerves
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| what are the Nerves for Phonation | A. Extrinsic muscles:
- suprahyoids: CN V, CN VII, CN XII
- infrahyoids: CN XII
B. Intrinsic muscles: CN X
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| what are the Nerves for Articulation | A. Palatal & pharyngeal muscles: CN IX, CN X, CN XI;
B. Tongue Muscles:
- Intrinsic: CN XII
- Extrinsic: CN V, CN XII, CN XII
C. Facial muscles: CN VII
D. Muscles of Mastication: CN V
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| The Diaphragm is innervated by which nerve? | CN X- Vagus
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| All muscles of inhalation & exhalation besides the diaphragm are innervated by which nerve(s)? | spinal nerves
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| Which nerves innervate with the suprahyoids extrinsic muscles of Phonation | CN V, CN VII, CN XII
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| Which nerves innervate with the infrahyoids extrinsic muscles of Phonation | CN XII
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| Which nerves innervate the Intrinsic muscles of phonation: | CN X
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| Which nerves innervate with the Palatal & pharyngeal muscles: | CN IX, CN X, CN XI
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| Which nerves innervate with Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | CN XII
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| Which nerves innervate with Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | CN V, CN VII, CN XII
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| Which nerves innervate with Facial muscles | CN VII
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| Which nerves innervate with Muscles of Mastication: | CN V
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| What is the Major pathway for all voluntary movement? | The pyramidal system?
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| What are the 2 separate tracts for the Pyramidal system? | Corticospinal & Corcicobulbar
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| Where do the Corticospinal fibers originate? | Cerebral Cortex
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| What is the path of the Corticospinal fibers? | From the cerebral cortex to different levels of the spinal cord. Passes through the subcortical areas to the brain stem
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| Approximately what % of Corticospinal fibers decussate? | In the medulla, approximately 85 – 90% of the fibers from each side decussate
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| What happens to Corticospinal fibers that don’t decussate? | They continue down the same side
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| What do the Corticospinal fibers synapse with? | Spinal nerves in the anterior portion of the spinal cord
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| Why are Corticospinal tracts important in terms of speech? | Innervation of muscles of respiration
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| What tract innervates all muscles of speech other that respiration ? | Corticobulbar
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| Where do the Corticobulbar fibers originate? | in the cortex
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| What is the path of the Corticobulbar fibers? | Pass through the subcortical areas to the brainstem
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| What do the Corticobulbar fibers synapse with? | cranial nerve nuclei
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| What type of innervation does the Corticobulbar have? | bilateral innervation (fibers from both sides of the brain), so that synchronous movement can occur
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| What Provides a safety margin for life sustaining activities? | Corticobulbar
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| What are the indirect motor pathways that are not under voluntary control? | Extrapyramidal System
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| Complex set of motor pathways that connect clusters of subcortical nuclei (including the basal nuclei) | Extrapyramidal System
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| Interacts with the pyramidal system to provide smooth motor movements | Extrapyramidal System
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| Damage to this system causes involuntary movements and postures and conditions like (cerebral palsy) | Extrapyramidal System
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| Involuntary system that interacts with both the pyramidal and Extrapyramidal systems to provide smooth coordination of rapid, alternating movements | Cerebellar System
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| Cerebellar System Receives sensory info from brain via the | peduncles
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| what parts of the brain does the Cerebellar System have connections to? | The thalamus and basal nuclei
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| Which system is susceptible to drug use? | Cerebellar System
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| System refines motor system so you can produce smooth movements | Cerebellar System
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| Refines accuracy of movement & inhibits unwanted movement | Extrapyramidal System
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