Note Worsheet
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| mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other material | rock
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| model showing processes that create and change rock | rock cycle
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| rock can be changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock | sedimentary
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| rock can melt and cool to form igneous rock | metamorphic
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| rock can be broken into fragments that may later form sedimentary rock | igneous
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| rock cycle never destroys elements of rocks, but merely redistributes them | conservation of matter
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| recognized the rock cycle in 1788 by observing Siccar Point, Scotland | James Hutton
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| form from magma found deep under Earth's surface | igneous rock
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| magma reaching the surface flows from a volcano as___ | lava
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| magma trapped below the surface forms large-grained____ igneous rock when it cools | intrusive
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| magma cooling at or near Earth's surface forms small-grained ____ igneous rocks | extrusive
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| _____ igneous rocks are dark-colored and dense | basaltic
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| basaltic igneous rocks contain ____ and _____ but very little silica | iron and magnesium
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| basaltic lava flows _____ from a volcano | freely
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| _____ igneous rocks are lower density and lighter colored | granitic
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| granitic magma is ____ and ___ | thick and stiff
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| granitic igneous rocks contain more _____ and less iron and magnesium | silica
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| _____ rocks have a more balanced composition of minerals and density that basaltic or granitic rocks | andesitic
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| crystal ____, large or small, can help identify an igneous rock as intrusive or extrusive | size
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| volcanic glass rocks ____ so quickly that few crystals form | cool
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| some rocks have ____ formed around once-trapped air and other gases | holes
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| igneous rocks are _____ in two ways | classified
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| where the igneous rock was formed- ____ (under the Earth's surface) or _____ (at or near the Earth's surface) | intrusive and extrusive
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| _____ type- basaltic, granitic, or andesitic | magma
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| metamorphic rocks- changed by ____, ______, and hot fluids | temperature and pressure
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| _____ and _____ result from one layer of rock on top of another layer | heat and pressure
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| sometimes temperature and pressure are great enough to ____ rock, forming magma | melt
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| sometimes pressure ____ mineral grains in rocks without melting them | flattens
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| as pressure and temperature continue to increase over time, one type of rock can change in _____ ______ metamorphic rocks | several different
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| hot, water-rich ____ can move through rock, chemically changing it | fluids
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| classification of metamorohic rocks- by composition and ____ | texture
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| ______ texture- mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers or bands | foliated
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| _______ texture- mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers | nonfoliated
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| ______ rocks- mostly found on the exposed surface of Earth | Sedimentary
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| rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plant and animal remains moved by wind, water, ice or gravity are called ____ | sediments
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| sedimentary rocks form in _____ | layers
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| sedimentary rocks- ______ by what they were made of and how they were formed | classified
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| ______ sedimentary rocks- made from broken fragments of other rocks | detrital
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| when layers of small sediments stick together because of pressure, ____ occurs | compaction
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| when water and other minerals move through open spaces between larger sediments, gluing them together, ____ occurs | cementation
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| Detrital rocks have a ______ texture | granular
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| rocks are named according to _____ and ____ of sediments | shape and size
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| Sediments can be _____ or have _____ angles | round or sharp
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| sediment size can be small like____ or large like _____ | clay or gravel
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| chemical sedimentary rocks- non-clastic rocks formed when dissolved _____ came out of solution | minerals
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| limestone forms from _____, which was calcium carbonate in solution | calcite
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| rock salt forms form _____, which was salt in a solution | halite
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| organic sedimentary rocks- made from ___ of once-living plants or animals | remains
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| ________- made of micrscopic calcie-shell remains of animals | chalk
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| ______- made of plant remains, chamically changed by microorganisma and compacted over millions of years | coal
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| rock cycle- a ______ and dynamic process | continuous
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