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Science Chapter 4
Note Worsheet
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mixture of minerals, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other material | rock |
| model showing processes that create and change rock | rock cycle |
| rock can be changed by heat and pressure into metamorphic rock | sedimentary |
| rock can melt and cool to form igneous rock | metamorphic |
| rock can be broken into fragments that may later form sedimentary rock | igneous |
| rock cycle never destroys elements of rocks, but merely redistributes them | conservation of matter |
| recognized the rock cycle in 1788 by observing Siccar Point, Scotland | James Hutton |
| form from magma found deep under Earth's surface | igneous rock |
| magma reaching the surface flows from a volcano as___ | lava |
| magma trapped below the surface forms large-grained____ igneous rock when it cools | intrusive |
| magma cooling at or near Earth's surface forms small-grained ____ igneous rocks | extrusive |
| _____ igneous rocks are dark-colored and dense | basaltic |
| basaltic igneous rocks contain ____ and _____ but very little silica | iron and magnesium |
| basaltic lava flows _____ from a volcano | freely |
| _____ igneous rocks are lower density and lighter colored | granitic |
| granitic magma is ____ and ___ | thick and stiff |
| granitic igneous rocks contain more _____ and less iron and magnesium | silica |
| _____ rocks have a more balanced composition of minerals and density that basaltic or granitic rocks | andesitic |
| crystal ____, large or small, can help identify an igneous rock as intrusive or extrusive | size |
| volcanic glass rocks ____ so quickly that few crystals form | cool |
| some rocks have ____ formed around once-trapped air and other gases | holes |
| igneous rocks are _____ in two ways | classified |
| where the igneous rock was formed- ____ (under the Earth's surface) or _____ (at or near the Earth's surface) | intrusive and extrusive |
| _____ type- basaltic, granitic, or andesitic | magma |
| metamorphic rocks- changed by ____, ______, and hot fluids | temperature and pressure |
| _____ and _____ result from one layer of rock on top of another layer | heat and pressure |
| sometimes temperature and pressure are great enough to ____ rock, forming magma | melt |
| sometimes pressure ____ mineral grains in rocks without melting them | flattens |
| as pressure and temperature continue to increase over time, one type of rock can change in _____ ______ metamorphic rocks | several different |
| hot, water-rich ____ can move through rock, chemically changing it | fluids |
| classification of metamorohic rocks- by composition and ____ | texture |
| ______ texture- mineral grains flatten and line up in parallel layers or bands | foliated |
| _______ texture- mineral grains grow and rearrange but do not form layers | nonfoliated |
| ______ rocks- mostly found on the exposed surface of Earth | Sedimentary |
| rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of plant and animal remains moved by wind, water, ice or gravity are called ____ | sediments |
| sedimentary rocks form in _____ | layers |
| sedimentary rocks- ______ by what they were made of and how they were formed | classified |
| ______ sedimentary rocks- made from broken fragments of other rocks | detrital |
| when layers of small sediments stick together because of pressure, ____ occurs | compaction |
| when water and other minerals move through open spaces between larger sediments, gluing them together, ____ occurs | cementation |
| Detrital rocks have a ______ texture | granular |
| rocks are named according to _____ and ____ of sediments | shape and size |
| Sediments can be _____ or have _____ angles | round or sharp |
| sediment size can be small like____ or large like _____ | clay or gravel |
| chemical sedimentary rocks- non-clastic rocks formed when dissolved _____ came out of solution | minerals |
| limestone forms from _____, which was calcium carbonate in solution | calcite |
| rock salt forms form _____, which was salt in a solution | halite |
| organic sedimentary rocks- made from ___ of once-living plants or animals | remains |
| ________- made of micrscopic calcie-shell remains of animals | chalk |
| ______- made of plant remains, chamically changed by microorganisma and compacted over millions of years | coal |
| rock cycle- a ______ and dynamic process | continuous |
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