SLHS PLATE TECTONICS
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| theory proposed by Alfred Wegener that states that the continents were once joined as a super continent | Continental Drift
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| large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together | Pangea
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| Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge | Seafloor Spreading
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| theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle | Plate Tectonics
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| a large section of Earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the athenosphere | Plate
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| Large pieces of earth's crust | plates
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| Theory based on evidence that plates are moving slowly and constantly. | Theory of Plate Tectonics
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| Supercontinent | Pangea
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| Cracks between the plates | plate boundaries
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| force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume | stress
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| stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions | shearing
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| stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks | compression
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| stress force that pulls on the crust, stretching rock to become thinner | tension
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| shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface | earthquake
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| break in the Earth's crust where slabs of crust pass by each other | fault
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| Shearing creates this type of fault | slip-strike
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| Compression produces this type of fault | reverse
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| Tension forces in Earth's crust produce this type of fault | normal
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| Half the fault that lies above the fault | hanging wall
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| Half the fault that lies below the fault | footwall
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| bends in the rock | folds
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| large area of flat land elevated high above sea level | plateau
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| point beneath surface where rock is under stress and breaks | focus
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| point on surface directly above the focus | epicenter
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| first waves (compressional similar to a slinky) | p waves
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| secondary waves (move perpendicular to direction of movement) | s waves
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| move slower, but produce severe ground movements (making the ground roll like a water wave) | surface waves
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| Rates earthquakes according to intensity | Mercalli scale
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| a rating of the size of seismic waves measured by a seismograph | Richter scale
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| Scale used today by geologists | Moment Magnitude Scale
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| the theory that continents can drift apart from one another and have done so in the past | continental drift
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| the process by which new oceanic lithosphere is created at mid-ocean ridges as older materials are pulled away from the ridge | sea-floor spreading
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| the theory that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into tectonic plates that move around on top of the asthenosphere | plate tectonics
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| the boundary between two colliding tectonic plates | convergent boundary
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| the region where an oceanic plate sinks down into the asthenosphere at a convergent boundary, usually between continental and oceanic plates | subduction zone
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| the boundary between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other | divergent boundary
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| the boundary between two tectonic plates that are sliding past each other horizontally | transform boundary
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| a break in the Earth's crust along which two blocks of the crust slide relative to one another | fault
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| the bending of rock layers due to stress in the Earth's crust | folding
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| the type of stress that occurs when an object is squeezed | compression
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| the type of stress that occurs when forces act to stretch an object | tension
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| the amount of force per unit area that is put on a given material | stress
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| a layer of hot rock | mantle
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| the part of the mantle that is made of soft rock that bends like plastic | asthenosphere
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| a dense ball of solid metal | inner core
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| the transfer of energy through empty space | radiation
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| heat transfer within a fluid | convection currents
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| the continents were once joined together in a single landmass | continental drift
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| the name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago | Pangaea
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| any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock | fossil
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| are found in all of Earth's oceans | mid-ocean ridges
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| technology used by scientists used in the mid-1900s to map the mid-ocean ridge | sonar
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| the process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle | subduction
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| the geological theory that states that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant, slow motion | plate tectonics
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| forms at a divergent plate boundary | rift valley
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| molten material rises from the mantle and erupts along mid-ocean ridges | sea-floor spreading
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| produced by a collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary | mountain range
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| when you touch a hot pot or pan and energy moves from the pot to your hand | heat transfer
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| a place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions | transform boundary
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| Wegener's hypothesis taht all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions | Continental Drift
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| large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together | Pangea
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| Hess's theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid-ocean ridge | Seafloor Spreading
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| theory that Earth's crust and upper mantle are broken into plates that float and move around on a plasticlike layer of the mantle | Plate Tectonics
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| a large section of Earth's oceanic or continental crust and rigid upper mantle that moves around on the athenosphere | Plate
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| plasticlike layer of Earth on which the lithospheric plates float and move around | Asthenosphere
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| rigid layer of earth about 100 km thick made of the crust and a part of upper mantle | Lithosphere
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| current in Earth's mantle that transfers heat in Earth's interior and is the driving force for plate tectonics | Convection Current
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| vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault | Earthquake
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| seismic wave that moves rock particles back and forth in the same direction that the wave travels | Primary Waves
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| seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave | Secondary Waves
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| seismic wave that moves rock particles up and down in a backward rolling motion and side to side in a swaying motion | Surface waves
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| point on earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus | Epicenter
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| instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time that each arrived | seismograph
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| opening in earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava, can form at earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart or together, and at hot spots | volcano
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| opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto earth's surface as lava forming a volcano | vent
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| steep-walled depression around a volcano's vent | crater
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| the result of an unusually hot area at the boundary between earth's mantle and core that forms volcanoes when melted rock si forced upward and breaks through the crust | hot spot
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| broad, gently sloping volcano formed by quiet eruptions of basaltic lava | shield volcano
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| steep-sided, loosely packed volcano formed when tephra falls to the ground | cinder cone volcano
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| volcano built by atlernating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other | composite volcano
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| bits of rock or solidified lava dropped from the air during an explosive volcanic eruption; ranges in size from volcanic ash to volcanic bombs and blocks | Tephra
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Created by:
rrosset
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