questions to work on
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| Alkali Metals | • Group 1
• Highly reative metals
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| Alkali earth metals | • Group 2
• Reactive metals
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| halogens | • Group 17 (or 7)
• Non-metals
• One of the most reactive groups
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| Noble gases | • Group 18 (or 8)
• Most stable
• Rarely reactive
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| hydrogen | • The group of 1
• Placed on metals side due to similar properties but is a non metal
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| Stage 1 Interphase | • The longest stage; during which a cell carries out its regular functions
• DNA is in long thin strands
Near the end DNA is duplicated and more organelles are formed
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| Phase 1 Prophase | • DNA condenses into chromosomes, which consists 2 identical sister chromatids, held together by a centromere
• The nuclear membrane breaks down
• Spindle finders are visible
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| Stage 2 Mitosis | Phase 1 Prophase Phase 2 Metaphase Phase 3 Anaphase Phase 4 Telophase
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| Phase 2 Metaphase | • Chromosomes line up along the center of the cell
• Spindle fibers are visible
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| Phase 3 Anaphase | • The centromeres split, sister chromatids separate into daughter chromosomes and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell, being pulled to the spindle fibers
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| Phase 4 Telophase | • Daughter chromosomes stretch out and become thinner- no longer visible
• New nuclear membranes form
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| Stage 3 Cytokinesis | • Final stage of cell division
• Cytoplasm divides into 2 identical daughter cells
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| Tissue | A collection of similar cells that perform a particular, but limited, function
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| Epithelial tissue | Thin sheet of cells covering surfaces and lining organs
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| Muscle tissue | Bundles of long cells (muscle fibers) that can shorten (contract)
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| Connective tissue | Various types of cells & fibers held together by a matrix (solid/liquid/gel)
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| Nerve tissue | Long thin cells w/ fine branches that can conduct electrical impulses
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| 4 major types of tissue | Epithelial tissue
Muscle tissue
Connective tissue
Nerve tissue
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| Produces bile | liver
system:
Digestive (accessory organ)
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| Carries oxygen to cells | Red blood cells
system:
Circulatory
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| Relaxes and contracts to cause inhalation and exhalation | Diaphragm:
Musculoskeletal
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| Holds and churns food | Stomach :
Digestive
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| Fight infection | White blood cells:
Circulatory
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| Releases mucus that moistens the air | Epithelial cells called cilia:
Respiratory
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| Have very thin walls to allow diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide; are surrounded by capillaries | Alveoli:
Respiratory
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| Absorbs water from undigestible food | Large intestine (colon):
Digestive
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| Allows red blood cells to pass through single file | Capillaries :
Circulatory
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| Performs mechanical digestion | Mouth:
Digestive
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| Carry blood back to the heart | Veins:
Circulatory
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| Supported by C-rings of cartilage | Trachea:
Respiratory
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| Muscular tube that uses peristalsis | Esophagus:
Digestive
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| Carry blood away from the heart | Arteries:
Circulatory
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| Has acid to kill bacteria | Stomach:
Digestive
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| Have thick muscular walls to withstand pressure | Arteries:
Circulatory
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| Produces insulin | Pancreas:
Digestive
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| Tiny cells that help in clotting | Platelets:
Circulatory
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| Stores and secretes bile | Gall bladder:
Digestive
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| Most digestion occurs here | Small intestine:
Digestive
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| The Shoot System | · Conducts photosynthesis and produces flowers for sexual reproduction
· Three main parts: leaf, flower and stem
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| Dermal tissue system | forms the outer surface
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| Vascular tissue system | responsible for transportation of water & minerals through plant
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| Ground tissue system | make up all other structures
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| photosynthesis equation | carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen + water. chemical equation 6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
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| how do plants guard against water loss | Through the stomata/guard cells (close when water is low), and the cuticle (waxy to prevent water loss)
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| LAWS of reflection: | • The angle of reflection (r) is always equal to the angle of incidence
• All the light that reaches our eyes initially came from a light source
• Light will always take the fastest route
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| speed of an object through a medium equation | v=c/n
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| Index of refraction equation | N=c/v
or
[n=sine ⦣I/sine ⦣R]
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