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| Nerve IV | Glossopharyngeal
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| Nerve X | Vagus
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| Nerve XI | spinal accessory
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| Nerve XII | hypoglossal
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| Nerve VIII | vestibulocochlear
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| Nerve VII | facial
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| Nerve VI | Abducens
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| Nerve V | Trigeminal
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| Nerve IV | Trochlear
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| Nerve III | oculomotor
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| Nerve II | Optic
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| Nerve I | Olfactory
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| QC test for low contrast spatial resolution | Circular image. Should be able to visualize 10 spokes
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| QC test for geometric accuracy ( Z) | Rectangular image showing triangles and rectangles
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| QC test for geometric accuracy (XY) | Circular image with the graph in the center
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| The sagittal dural sinuses drain into the | Internal jugular vein
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| A small FOV for a wrist exam would achieve | High spatial resolution
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| Bright signal in the prostate would indicate | Restricted diffusion
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| The prostate is posterior and inferior to the | Bladder
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| Hemosiderin Appears_______on T2 images | Hypointense
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| The two best planes for TOF of the subclavian artery‘s are | Axial and sagittal
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| Gradient echo fast breath hold dynamic contrast enhanced imaging of the abdomen utilize | Spoiling
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| Steady state imaging is | When there is leftover transverse magnetization (what occurs if the TR is less than T2/T2*)
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| _______ contrast is dependent on impairment of molecular mobility, sensitivity to Brownian motion, and direction of water diffusion | DWI
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| To compensate for FID | Increase NEX
enable flow compensation
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| Tissues with a long T2 Time are bright on | T2 images
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| FDA approved oral contrast agent makes the bowel appear | T1 and T2 hypointense
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| DWI susceptibility in or around strong air tissue interfaces can be decreased by | Increasing the parallel imaging factor
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| ______Is caused by interface of aliased signals at different phases | Moire
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| Parallel imaging artifacts can be compensated for by | Decreasing the parallel imaging factor
Increasing FOV
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| Acquiring half of the data in the frequency direction | Partial or fractional echo
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| Using gradient moment nulling | Increases the minimum TE
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| Tissues with short T1 times are bright on | T1 images
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| _______Has a long T1 time and a short T2 time | Fat
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| ______Has a long T1 time and a long T2 time | Water
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| High amplitude signal is found in The | Center of K space
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| Increasing the echo train length | Increases chances of blur
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| Increasing the number of excitations by 2 | Increases SNR by the square root of two
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| Acquiring half of data in the phase direction | Half forurier or zero fill
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| Active shielding | Superconducting windings in the MRI scanner ( reduce fringe Field)
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| Gradient slew rate | The rate of ascent or descent from zero to maximum
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| Echo planer imaging sequences | Are more at risk for TVMF effects
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| Transmit gain | Evaluate accuracy of flip angles
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| On a 1 T, the frequency difference between fat and water is | 147 HZ
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| The common iliac’s join to form the | Inferior vena cava
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| Pre-saturation bands for TOFMRA of the inferior vena cava would be placed | Superior
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| The vertebral arteries originate from the | Subclavian artery’s
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| Bloch | Discovered magnetic momentum
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| The first image of the human thorax was in the year | 1977 (By the Damadian and team)
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| Discovered to DNMR, Fourier transform, and phase and frequency gradients | Ernst
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| fMRI was available in the year | 1991
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| The Fourier equation | Is for heat transfer
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| Discovered how fields are Altered by each other with charges or currents | Maxwell
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| Developed the first rotating magnetic field | Tesla
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| #Of slices X slice thickness X slice gap = | Anatomic coverage equation
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| Pixel size equation for phase and frequency matrix multiplied = | Pixel area (answer in MM squared)
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| FOV/phase & FOV/frequency = | Pixel size (answer in A x B format)
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| When imaging a patient with metal hardware | Use thin slices, add NEX, small pixels for large matrix, no parallel imaging, wide rBW (decreases chemical shift), use STIR vs fat sat, use fast spin echo over gradient echo
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| Coil location in magnet from closest to patient to furthest from patient | Radio frequency coils, gradient coils, shim coils, main magnet
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| Doubling the magnetic field strength | Doubles the SNR
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| Pneumonic for cranial nerves | Oh, oh, oh to take a family vacation. Go Vegas south hardees
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| Administering gadolinium | Increases T1 weighting
Increases SNR
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| Tissues with a_____are bright on T1 and tissues with a______are bright on T2 | Short; long
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| Gadolinium only affects______protons | Water
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| 60,000 / HR minus delay and trigger window | Available imaging time
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| 60,000/HR | Effective TR
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| TR x Phase matrix x NEX x #of slices = | 3-D gradient echo scan time
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| TR x phase matrix x NEX / ETL = | Fast spin echo scan time
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| TR x phase matrix x NEX = | Spin echo scan time
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| Calculate pixel area and x by slice thickness | Voxel volume (answer in MM cubed)
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| Increasing the TE | Decreases SNR
increases T2 weighting
Increases susceptibility/distortion
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| Large FOV | Decreases spatial resolution, increases SNR, no affect on scan time
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| Small FOV | Decreases SNR, increases spatial resolution, no effect on skin time
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| High NEX value | Increases spatial resolution, increases scan time, increases SNR
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| Low NEX value | Decreases spatial resolution decreases scan time decreases SNR, increases motion artifact
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| Increasing flip angle | Increases T1 weighting
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| Decreasing phase encodings | Decreases scan time, decreases spatial resolution, increases SNR
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| Artifacts that occur in the frequency direction | Chemical shift, zipper
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| Artifacts that occur in the phase direction | Motion, ghosting, zipper, parallel imaging, alaising
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| Artifacts in the slice selection direction | Chemical shift, partial voluming
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| Increasing parallel imaging factor | Decreases scam time, decreases chemical shift artifact, increases sharpness, decreases SNR
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| Decreasing receiver bandwidth by 2 | Increases SNR by the square root of two
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| #Of shots and fast spin echo | # phase and coatings/ETL
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| Level two personnel | Those with extensive MR training
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| Level one personnel | Those with limited in MR training
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| Best plane for the ovaries is____and to the best plane for the uterus is_____ | Coronel; sagittal
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| Edema is bright on T2 images because it has a | Long T2 time
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| Edema is dark on T1 images because it has | Long T1 time
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| Removal of signal from vessels | Spatial pre-saturation
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| Can increase the strength of the magnet by increasing the turns of wire in a | Superconducting magnet
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| Uses solenoid Surface coils | Permanent magnet with a vertical field
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| Narrow bandwidth | Increases SNR, increases spatial resolution, increases scan time, increases chemical shift
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| Wide bandwidth | Decreases SNR, decreases special resolution, decreases scan time, decreases chemical shift, decreases TE, increases sharpness
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| Transmit bandwidth can affect | Slice thickness, spatial resolution, SNR
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| Receiver bandwidth can affect | SNR and chemical shift
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| Collecting low frequency/ high amplitude signal at the start of the scan | Elliptic centric K space filling
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| During dynamic contrast enhanced imaging for vasculature, Cay spaces filled_______to ensure well visualized contrast | Centrically
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| TOF MRA | Uses T1 gradient echoes with TR and flip angle selections to suppress signal from stationary tissue, visualizing flowing blood by flow enhancement
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| PC MRA | Uses T2 gradient echo with perimeter selections that suppress stationary tissues and rely on velocity induced phase shift
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| Increasing the flip angle by 2 | Increases RF absorption by four
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| Decreasing the field of view by two | Decreases voxel volume by four
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| Thin slices | Decrease SNR, increase spatial resolution
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| Thick slices | Increase SNR, decreased spatial resolution
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| Thin sliced gaps | Increase spatial resolution and SNR
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| Thick sliced gaps | Decrease special resolution and SNR
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| Decreasing the number of slices in volume imaging | Decreases SNR and decrease scan time
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| Small matrix | Decreased spatial resolution, increase SNR, decreased scan time
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| Large matrix | Increase spatial resolution, decrease SNR, increase scan time
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| Hi TR values | Increase Scan time, increase special resolution, increased number of slices, increase SNR, decrease T1 weighting
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| Low TR values | Decrease scan time, decrease spatial resolution, Decrease SNR, decrease the number of slices, increase T1 weighting
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| Active shimming | Adjustment of current within the shim coils for the purpose of achieving uniform fat suppression
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| Transverse magnetization | XY component at right angles to the main magnetic field
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| Net magnetization vector | Sum of the magnetization from a spin system
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