Oral Path Chap 19
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| Cyst? | abnormal cavity in hard or soft tissue, which contains fluid or semi-soft fluid and is often encapsulated and lined with epithelium
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| Why does a cyst form? | Body’s attempt to protect the area of tissue
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| Why during inflammation—caries leading to necrosis of the pulp? | Epithelium grows and forms a distinct circle, and eventually closes itself from the surrounding tissue
Cyst fills with fluid and expands
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| what does osteoclasts do? | Absorb bone
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| Odontogenic cyst? | cysts with an epithelial lining composed of remnants of the tooth-forming organ that arise primarily in tissue and bone
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| Non-odontogenic cyst? | abnormal closed epithelium-lined cavity in the body, containing gas, serous/liquid or semisolid material.
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| Pseudocyst? | an abnormal or dilated space resembling a cyst but not lined with epithelium
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| Periapical granuloma? etiology? | result of necrotic pulp tissue and by-products resulting from inflammatory process that has damaged the tissue at the apex of the tooth
i-e trauma, perio disease, fracture.
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| Pathogenesis of Periapical Granuloma | diseased tissue causes granulation tissue to accumulate at the apex of the tooth; pulp becomes necrotic (irreversible pulpitis);
poss. nonvital tooth
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| Location of periapical Granuloma | Apex of the tooth
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| radiographic appearance of Periapical Granuloma | round or ovoid translucent lesion
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| Cells in Periapical Granuloma that help to fight infection? | Plasma cells, neutrophils, macrophages, eosinophils
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| Radicular cyst/“periapical cyst” | Always associated with a nonvital tooth
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| Common causes of Radicular cyst? Location? | caries, trauma, periodontal disease
apex of a nonvital tooth; favors the mx anterior teeth
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| Epidemiology of Radicular Cyst? | most commonly occurring inflammatory cyst/tooth cyst of the jaw; adults; mean age of 30
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| Microscopic features of Radicular cyst? | non-keratinized epithelial lining w/necrotic debris & inflammation infiltrate
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| Pathogenesis of Radicular cyst? radiographically? | Derived from the rests of Malassez of perio ligament
blunting of the root (resorption)
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| Aneurysmal bone cyst? | Benign lesion/pseudocyst that is blood filled
A localized dilatation of an artery or a vein
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| Pseudocysts? | False cyst
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| where does aneurysmal bone cyst arises from? | prior trauma or some genetic components
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| Aneurysmal bone cyst is seen in? | less than 30 years of age; sl. more females
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| radiographic characteristics and tx of Aneurysmal bone cyst? | unilocular or mutilocular lesions
removal of lesion and curettage
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| Traumatic bone cyst? | Simple bone cyst
thought to be caused by trauma
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| Epidemiology and pathogenesis of traumatic bone cyst? location? | 10-20 year old age group
may be empty or filled with a small amount of fluid (blood & bone products)
Mand.
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| Radiographic charac. of Traumatic bone cyst? | "scalloping cyst” or scalloping between teeth; honeycomb appearance
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| Cemento-osseous dysplasia Etiology? | unknown but condition is considered reactive or developmental (related to a defect in the bone and/or cementum remolding)
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| Cemento? | Cementum
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| Osseous | Bone
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| Where can Cemento-osseous dysplasia develop? | Can develop in mandibular area, posterior area.
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| Microscopic Features of Cemento-osseous dysplasia? | contains fibrous connective tissue that can be seen with bone and cementum in varying amounts
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| Location of Cemento-osseous dysplasia? | Apex of the vital teeth
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| Static (Stafne) bone cyst? | defect in the mandible that surrounds salivary gland tissue
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| Location of Static bone cyst? | inferior to the md canal and happens during development
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| static? | lacking in movement, action, or change, especially in a way viewed as undesirable or uninteresting.
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| Lateral Periodontal Cyst? Epidemiology? Location? | odontogenic, nonkeratinized developmental cyst
30 years and older; > males
md premolar-canine; on lateral surface
Asymptomatic but adjacent teeth are vital
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| Dentigerous Cyst? | Second most common cyst of the jaw
arises from a cystic change in the dental follicle following crown formation
forms around crowns of unerupted tooth
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| Pathogenesis of Dentigerous Cyst? | fluid between formed crown and reduced enamel epithelium
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| Location of Dentigerous Cyst? | cyst is attached at CEJ; most common location is unerupted third molars; impacted, odontoma, supernumerary teeth
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| Eruption cyst/“eruption hematoma” | caused by the accumulation of fluid and blood between the crown of an erupting tooth and the reduced enamel organ, due to trauma
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| Epidemiology/location/Clinical characteristics of Dentigerous Cyst? | deciduous teeth and perm molars of children
crest of alveolar ridge/gingiva
bluish swelling of the tissue with a dome-shape
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| Odontogenic Keratocyst (OKC)? | Develops from dental lamina or its remnants. more common in male
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| Location of OKC? | Posterior mandibular location is frequent (can occupy most of the ramus)
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| Clinical Characteristics of OKC? | large enough to displace teeth and extend through the cancellous bone into the oral cavity; as jaw weakens it may fracture
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| Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst? | calcifying cyst derived from reduced-enamel epithelium or dental lamina remnants
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| Radiographic Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst? | radiodencities (calcified material) and radiolucent properties
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| Microscopic feature of Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst? | ghost cells”, epithelial cells that appear to have pink cytoplasm and have no nucleus; calcifications seen
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| Gingival Cyst? Clinical characteristics? Location? | Nodules are multiple small cysts that disappear and rupture over time
Md canine / premolar area. soft tissue/gingiva
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| Nasopalatine/incisive Canal Cyst? | arises from epithelial remnants of the embryologic structure of the nasopalatine ducts. adults 40-60 year old, males
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| location of Nasopalatine/incisive Canal Cyst? radiographically? | nasopalatine canal; between the mx central incisors
heart-shaped
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| Median Palatine Cyst? | Rare fissural cyst believed to develop from entrapped epithelium along the embryonic line of fusion in the two lateral mx processes that fuse to make the hard palate.
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| Location of Median Palatine Cyst? | apically centered toward the midline hard palate
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| Median Mandibular Cyst? | Rare
Midline of mandible
Well-defined radiolucency below apices of md incisors
Surgical excision
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| Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor? | Benign neoplasm of epithelial tissue; epithelial odontogenic tumor with a dense fibrous connective tissue capsule. facial swelling
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| Location/epidemiology of Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor? | usually surrounds the crown of a tooth/impacted tooth; anterior mx. seen in an adolescent or young adult; females
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| Odontogenic myxoma? | Derived from odontogenic ectomesenchyme, and it originates in the periodontal ligament or dental pulp. capable of rapid growth . Root resorption and displacement may be seen in some cases
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| Myxomas have also been described as? | “step ladder” or “honeycombed” appearance.
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| Ameloblastic fibroma? | The lesions are composed of neoplastic epithelium and neoplastic myxomatous connective tissue and are usually associated with third molars.
mixed odontogenic tumor; rare
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| Perioral and Intraoral Characteristics of Ameloblastic fibroma? | no pain with any swelling that may occur.
has potential for extensive growth causing jaw expansion.
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