Sleep
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| recurrent, altered state of consciousness that occurs for sustained periods | show 🗑
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| 24-hour, day-night cycle known as | show 🗑
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| _____________ affect all circadian rhythms, including seep-wake cycle | show 🗑
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| External factors such as _____________ also affect circadian rhythms. | show 🗑
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| natural secretion of ________________________ supports circadian Rhythm in sleep-wake cycle by helping to ensure a smooth transition from wakefulness to sleep | show 🗑
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| Every person has a _____________ that is normally synchronized by exposure to light & activity. | show 🗑
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| show | normal rhythm of sleep
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| Normal variations in _____________ correlate w/sleep-wake patterns. | show 🗑
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| show | disrupted
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| show | sufficient sleep
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| show | control & regulation; two cerebral mechanisms
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| The neurons in the _____________ maintain a state of wakefulness. | show 🗑
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| show | parasympathetic control centers
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| As you fall asleep, stimuli to _____________ in the upper brain stem decline. | show 🗑
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| show | bulbar synchronizing region (BSR)
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| show | non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep & rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
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| During _____________ an individual progresses through four stages during a typical 90-minute sleep cycle. | show 🗑
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| The quality of sleep from stage _____________ becomes increasingly deep. | show 🗑
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| show | stages 1 & 2
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| _____________ involve a deeper sleep called slow-wave sleep from which a person is more difficult to arouse. | show 🗑
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| show | REM
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| show | REM
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| _____________ sleep is not divided into stages. | show 🗑
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| show | pre-sleep period
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| show | 10 to 30 minutes
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| Individuals experiencing difficulty falling asleep often remain in _____________ for an hour or more. | show 🗑
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| show | four to six
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| The cyclical pattern of sleep usually progresses from stage 1 through stage 4 of NREM, followed by a _____________, ending with a period of REM sleep. | show 🗑
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| With each successive cycle of sleep, _____________ sleep shorten & the period of _____________ lengthens. | show 🗑
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| _____________ lasts up to 60 minutes during the last sleep cycle. | show 🗑
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| show | NREM stages 2, 3, & 4
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| The _____________ depends on the total amount of time that the person spends sleeping. | show 🗑
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| show | restoration & preparation
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| During _____________ sleep, biological functions slow. | show 🗑
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| A healthy adult's normal heart rate throughout the day averages _____________ beats per minute. | show 🗑
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| show | 60
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| Sleep is also a part of maintaining normal _____________ & optimal _____________. | show 🗑
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| During _____________ sleep, the body releases human growth hormone for the repair and renewal of epithelial and specialized cells such as brain cells. | show 🗑
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| _____________ and _____________ for the renewal of tissues also occur during rest and sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | REM
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| show | cerebral; cortical; oxygen; epinephrine
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| During REM sleep, the changes in cerebral blood flow, increased cortical activity, increased oxygen consumption, & epinephrine release assists with _____________ & _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | REM; NREM
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| _____________ dreams progress in content throughout the night from dreams about current events to emotional dreams of childhood or the past. | show 🗑
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| _____________ help people sort out immediate concerns or erase certain fantasies or nonsensical memories. | show 🗑
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| B/c most dreams are _____________, many people have little dream recall & do not believe they dream at all. | show 🗑
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| show | consciously think
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| show | REM
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| The neonate & infant up to the age of 3 months average about _____________ of sleep a day. | show 🗑
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| show | 50%
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| show | 3 months
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| Infants sometimes take several naps during the day but usually sleep an average of _____________ during the night. | show 🗑
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| Infants spend about _____________ of sleep time in the REM cycle. | show 🗑
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| show | 2 years
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| Total sleep for 2 year-olds averages _____________ a day. | show 🗑
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| Some children stop taking naps altogether at _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | REM
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| show | toddlers
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| A preschooler sleeps an average of _____________ a night with about _____________ is REM. | show 🗑
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| By the age of _____________, the preschooler rarely takes daytime naps except in cultures where a siesta is the custom. | show 🗑
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| show | preschooler
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| show | preschooler
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| The _____________ child usually does not require a nap. | show 🗑
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| A _____________ averages 11 to 12 hours of sleep nightly. | show 🗑
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| An 11-year-old averages about _____________ hours of sleep nightly. | show 🗑
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| show | 6- or 7-year old
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| The _____________ often resists sleeping b/c of an unawareness of fatigue or a need to be independent. | show 🗑
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| show | 8.5 & 9.5 hours
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| Although sleep needs should go up, typical teenagers get about _____________ of sleep per night. | show 🗑
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| show | lessen
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| show | Teens
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| B/c of lifestyle demands that shorten the time available for sleep & physiological needs, teens often experience _____________. | show 🗑
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| show | EDS
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| show | young adults
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| show | young adults
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| show | 20%
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| During _____________ the total time spent sleeping at night begins to decline. | show 🗑
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| show | stage 4 sleep
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| show | age 65 or older
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| Older adults spend more time in _____________ and have less _____________ sleep. | show 🗑
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| Some older adults have almost no _____________, or deep sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | REM
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| show | older adults
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| show | sleep efficiency
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| show | older adults
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| show | older adults
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| Tests show that older adults do not have an _____________ for sleep, but have a reduction in the ability to sleep. | show 🗑
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| As people age, their circadian clock advances, causing _____________. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is common in older adults and often is the reason behind the complaint of waking early in the morning and being unable to get back to sleep. | show 🗑
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| People with _____________ get sleepy early in the evening say around 8 or 9 pm and wake up around 4 or 5 am. | show 🗑
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| When people with _____________ stay up until their customary 10 or 11 pm, their bodies still awaken at 4 or 5 am. | show 🗑
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| A number of factors affect the quantity and quality of sleep; often more than one factor combined to cause a sleep problem. | show 🗑
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| show | illness or condition
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| show | physical illness
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| _____________ also force patients to sleep in positions to which they are unaccustomed. | show 🗑
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| show | drugs
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| _____________ prescribed for sleep often cause more problems than benefits. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is a natural protein found in foods such as milk, cheese, and meats & sometimes helps a person sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | L-Tryptophan
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| A persons' daily routine influences sleep patterns. | show 🗑
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| show | day and night shifts
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| Other alterations in routine that disrupt sleep patterns include performing _____________, engaging in _____________, & changing _____________. | show 🗑
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| On average, adults sleep _____________ per nights on weeknights & _____________ hours per night on weekends. | show 🗑
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| show | sleep deprivation; EDS (excessive daytime sleepiness)
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| _____________ often results in impairment of waking function, poor work or school performance, accidents while driving or using equipment, and behavioral or emotional problems. | show 🗑
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| show | Feelings of sleepiness
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| Persons who temporarily experience sleep deprivation as a result of an active social evening or lengthened work schedule usually feel sleepy the _____________. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is much more serious than temporary sleep deprivation and causes serious alterations in the ability to perform daily activities. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is most difficult to overcome during sedentary tasks (e.g., driving). | show 🗑
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| The _____________ in which a person sleep has significant influence on the ability to fall and remain asleep. | show 🗑
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| show | ventilation; temperature; darkened or softly
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| The _____________, _____________, and _____________ of a bed also affect sleep quality. | show 🗑
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| _____________ are often harder than those at home. | show 🗑
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| show | wakefulness
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| Sleeping with a _____________ bed partner also disrupts sleep. | show 🗑
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| _____________ affects sleep activity by decreasing REM activity. | show 🗑
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| show | noise
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| show | health care facilities
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| Some persons require _____________ to fall asleep, whereas others prefer _____________ such as soft music or television. | show 🗑
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| show | health care facilities
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| show | intensive care setting
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| A person who is moderately fatigued usually achieves restful sleep, especially if the fatigue results from _____________. | show 🗑
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| Completing _____________ within 2 hours or more before bedtime allows the body to cool down and maintains a state of fatigue that promotes relaxation. | show 🗑
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| _____________ right before bedtime interferes with sleep onset duet to increased body temperature. | show 🗑
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| show | Excess fatigue
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| show | 3 to 4 hours
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| _____________ consumed in the evening has insomnia-producing and diuretic effects. | show 🗑
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| show | caffeine and xanthines
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| show | obstructive sleep apnea
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| Weigh loss causes _____________ and decreased amounts of sleep. | show 🗑
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| Certain sleep disorders are the result of the _____________ popular in a weight-conscious society. | show 🗑
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| _____________ are conditions that, if untreated, cause disturbed nighttime sleep that results in one of three problems: insomnia, abnormal movements or sensation during sleep or when awakening at night; or excessive daytime sleepiness. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is a symptom experienced by patients who have chronic difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings from sleep, and/or a short sleep or non-restorative sleep. | show 🗑
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| The person with _____________ complains of EDS, as well as insufficient quantity and quality of sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | insomnia
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| Often people experience _____________ insomnia as a result of situational stresses such as work or family problems. | show 🗑
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| A temporary case of _____________ caused by a stressful event has the ability to lead to chronic difficulty in obtaining sufficient sleep. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is often associated with poor sleep habits. | show 🗑
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| During the day a person with _____________ feels sleepy, fatigued, depressed, and anxious. | show 🗑
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| show | direct treatments
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| _____________ is a disorder in which the individual is unable to breathe and sleep at the same time. | show 🗑
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| show | sleep apnea
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| show | sleep apnea
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| _____________ is a cessation or stopping of airflow despite the effort to breathe. | show 🗑
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| show | obstructive sleep apnea
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| show | structural abnormalities
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| Cessation of diaphragmatic and intercostal respiratory effort causes _____________. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is a result of dysfunction of the brain's respiratory control center. | show 🗑
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| _____________ is found in patients with congestive heart failure, brain stem injury, muscular dystrophy, and encephalitis, as well as in people who breathe normally during the day. | show 🗑
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| show | central sleep apnea
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| EDS is the most common complaint of people with _____________. | show 🗑
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| Patients with _____________ are at risk for cardiac dysrhythmias, right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, angina attacks, stroke, & hypertension. | show 🗑
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| show | sleep apnea
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| show | nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
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| The _____________ pushes positive air pressure into the airway in an attempt to reduce the apnea periods the patient experiences during sleep by serving a s splint for the airway. | show 🗑
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| show | narcolepsy
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| show | EDS
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| show | narcolepsy
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| show | cataplexy
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| If the _____________ is severe, the patient loses voluntary muscle control and falls to the floor. | show 🗑
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| A person with _____________ often falls asleep uncontrollably at inappropriate times. | show 🗑
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| _____________ can be misunderstood for laziness, lack of interest in activities, or drunkenness. | show 🗑
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| show | sleep deprivation
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| show | sleep deprivation
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| _____________ occurs from insufficient sleep or disrupted sleep. | show 🗑
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| show | intensive care units
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| show | sleep deprivation
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| show | sleep deprivation
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| show | sleep deprivation
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| The _____________ are sleep disorders that produce abnormal sleep movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreaming as a result of autonomic nervous system changes and skeletal muscle activity during sleep. | show 🗑
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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