Chapter 2 of AFAA PFT Certification
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Define: Stroke Volume | The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one beat
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| Define: Cardiac Output | The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute
HR x SV
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| Define: Myocardial Infarction | Heart Attack
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| Define: Ischemia | Inadequate blood flow
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| Define: Vaneous Return | The amount of blood being returned to the heart by the veins
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| Define: Valsalva Maneuver | Holding the breath during exertion
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| Define: Minute Ventilation | the total amount of air breathed per minute
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| Define: Residual Lung Volume | The amount of air remaining in the lungs after forced expulsion
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| Define: Forced Vital Capacity | The amount of air forcefully exhaled after a maximal inhale
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| Define: Total Lung Capacity | Residual Volume + Forced Vital Capacity
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| What are the structures of the heart? | Right and Left
Atrium (Upper) and Ventricles (Lower)
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| Describe the blood flow patterns of the Circulatory System. | Deoxygenated blood enter the Right Atrium --> Right Ventricle --> Lungs (To be oxygenated) --> Left Atrium --> Left Ventricle --> Aorta --> Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries ==> Venules --> Veins --> Vena Cavae --> Right Atrium
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| Describe the structures of the Pulmonary System. | Nose/Mouth --> Larynx --< trachea --> Lungs --> Bronchi --> Bronchioles --> Alveoli --> Alveolar Sacs
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| Define: Adenosine Triphosphate | Source of cell's energy
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| List the 3 metabolic pathways or energy systems. | The Phosphagen System
The Anaerobic Glycolytic System
The Aerobic System
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| Which energy system uses fat, carbohydrates, and proteins? | The Aerobic System
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| Which energy system has a limiting factor of CP? | The Phosphagen system
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| List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: Phosphagen System | Olympic Lifting
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| List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: Anaerobic Glycolytic System | Sports teams: Soccer, Football, Rugby, Tennis, etc.
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| List exercises and activities that rely primarily on the: The Aerobic System | Distance Sports (running, walking, cycling), Marathons, and Daily Living
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| Define: Glucose | Blood Sugar
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| Define: Lactic Acid | Pyruvic Acid broken down without sufficient oxygen
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| Define: Glycolysis | The Breakdown of Glucose to Lactic Acid
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| Define: Mitochondria | A cell's powerhouse
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| Define: Beta Oxidation | The breakdown of fat to Acetyl CoA (to use in the aerobic system)
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| Define: Krebs Cycle | Aerobic breakdown of glucose and fat into ATP
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| Define: Anaerobic Threshold | when the muscles can no longer produce ATP and rely on Anaerobic Glycolytic Pathways
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| Define: Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO2max) | volume of oxygen consumed per minute at the cellular level
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| Define: Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) | the body's way of replenishing its oxygen stores after exertion (hyperventilating)
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| Describe the Nervous System | Brain, Nerves, and Spine
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| Name the (3) types of muscle tissue | 1. Cardiac
2. Smooth
3. Skeletal/Striated
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| Name and Describe the (2) major types of muscle fibers. | 1. Slow twitch (Type I, Endurance)
2. Fast Twitch (Type II, Quick to Fatigue)
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| What is the Sliding Filament Theory? | The theory that a muscles contract by (2) different tyoes of filament sliding over one another
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| Define: Sarcomere | Unit of myofilament
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| Define: Actin | Thin filament connected to the Z Line
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| Define: Myosin | Thick filament that connects actin fibers
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| Define: Motor Unit | One section of muscle that contains a Sarcomere
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| Define the function of a Muscle Spindle. | Sends different information to the brain about changes in muscle length and speed at which the changes occur
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| Describe the function of the Golgi Tendon Organ | It prevents the body from injury of stopping a muscle's contraction or extension before capacity
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