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Cells

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Term
Definition
Hooke   Invented the first microscope and was the first to observe and name the small units that make up organisms.  
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Leeuwenhoek   He was able to clearly see living cells when observing the scrapings from his teeth.  
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Cytoplasm   Is the “filling” of the cell and is made of up to 90% water. Water provides the necessary environment for all the chemical reactions the cell needs.  
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Ribosomes   Organelles that are the site of protein synthesis.  
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Cell Membrane   Forms the barrier to separate inside the cell from the outside environment.  
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DNA   Molecule with directions to control the cell.  
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Nucleus   Surrounds the chromosomes for additional protection; is made of a phospholipid bilayer.  
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Mitochondria   Site of cellular respiration which produces cell energy (ATP).  
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Vacuole   Store food, waste or water to be used inside the cell or excreted from the cell.  
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Lysosomes   Contain digestive enzymes which digest food contained in vacuoles as well as old or damaged cell parts.  
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Endoplasmic Reticulum   A series of interconnected folded membranes that function in modifying (changing) proteins, detoxification of alcohols, and communication.  
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Golgi Complex   Packages materials for export from cells.  
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Chloroplasts   Organelles full of chlorophyll that are the site of photosynthesis which produces sugars.  
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Cell Wall   Provides extra support, protection, and shape for the cell; found outside the cell membrane and made of cellulose.  
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Centrioles   Organelle that helps with cell division in animal cells.  
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