Anemias and Thalasemias
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| show | 0.5 - 1.5%
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| show | (Patient Hct)/Normal Hct (45%) X Uncorrected Retic count
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| show | Red cell Distribution Width; indication of size (anisocytosis)
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| RDW range | show 🗑
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| Serum Iron range | show 🗑
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| Total Iron Binding Capacity range | show 🗑
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| show | iron transport protein; transfers in the 2+ state (ferrous)
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| show | 20-50%
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| % Saturation calculation | show 🗑
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| show | 1) serum iron 2) TIBC 3) % Saturation
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| Increased TIBC equals what? | show 🗑
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| show | IDA; Acute or chronic inflammatory disorders; treatment of other anemias (iron gets used up making more cells); hemorrhage or menstruation
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| Reasons for normal serum iron (in an anemic state) | show 🗑
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| Reasons for increased serum iron | show 🗑
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| show | 1) age 2) diurnal variation
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| show | 1) IDA 2) hepatitis
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| Disease states with decreased or normal TIBC | show 🗑
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| show | Apoferritin (the protein) + iron
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| Ferritin increased in . . . | show 🗑
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| Ferritin decreased in . . . | show 🗑
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| show | zinc protoporphyrin; used as a screening test for lead poisoning; elevated in iron deficient conditions (most porphyrin chelates with zincion and makes ZPP)
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| show | pretty much the same thing as ZPP, except instead of measuring porphyrin attached to zinc, you extract the free porphyrins from erythrocytes
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| Ferrous iron | show 🗑
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| Ferric iron | show 🗑
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| show | Ferrous (2+)
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| Iron is bound to appoferritin or transferrin as . . . | show 🗑
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| Infant IDA can result from . . . | show 🗑
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| show | GI bleeds
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| show | Menstruation
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| show | impaired absorption
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| First stage of IDA (first of three) | show 🗑
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| show | Iron-deficient ertythropoiesis - increased TIBC
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| show | Full on IDA - microcytic, hypochromic RBCs; increased ZPP and FEP
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| show | <80 and <30 (microcytic, hypochromic)
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| IDA serum Fe, TIBC, % saturation | show 🗑
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| IDA ferritin, ZPP, TfR (transferrin receptor) | show 🗑
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| show | can be normocytic/normochromic (or micro/hypo); normal to increased hemosiderin in bone marrow (it's there, just isn't released); normal to decreased TIBC; % saturation is >15% (this is key); normal to increased serum ferritin
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| Anemia of Chronic Disease same as IDA | show 🗑
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| show | Vit B12 deficiency; folic acid deficiency
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| show | MCV >99
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| show | cobalamine
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| show | intrinsic factor
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| show | Ileum
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| show | Dietary lack of B12 (not common in U.S.); antibodies against intrinsic factor
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| show | marcrocytic/normochromic RBCs (ovalocytes); hypersegmented neutrophils;
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| Macrocytic bone marrow | show 🗑
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| Macrocytic anemia LD, haptoglobin, and Iron levels | show 🗑
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| Schilling's Test | show 🗑
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| Clinical features of B12 macrocytic anemia | show 🗑
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| Folic acid is absorbed in the . . . | show 🗑
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| show | weeks; years
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| show | iron loading anemia
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| Sideroblastic vs IDA | show 🗑
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| show | increased hemosiderin; ringed sideroblasts;
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| Sideroblastic serum iron, TIBC, increased % sat, ferritin | show 🗑
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| show | bronze diabetes
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| Basophilic stippling can indicate | show 🗑
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| Ham's test aka . . . | show 🗑
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| Ham's test tests for what and how does it do it? | show 🗑
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| show | Paroxysmal nocturanl hemoglobinuria (PNH); also can be postive for HEMPAS
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| show | Ham's Test; sugar water test
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| What type of hemoglobin causes sickle cell? | show 🗑
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| show | Beta chain, 6th position, Glu --> Val
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| show | Shows the presence of spherocytes; hereditary spherocytosis, and hemolytic anemias are more fragile (also increased in old blood)
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| How is the RBC osmotic fragility test set up? | show 🗑
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| show | jaunide; dark/red urine; anemia; splenomegaly; hemoglobinuria (this is an important one)
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| show | PNH; MAHA; DIC; Drug reaction in G6PD; transfusion reaction; Hereditary spherocytosis; H. eliptocytosis; H. pyropoikilocytosis; H. stomatocytosis
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| Horizontal defects of RBCs | show 🗑
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| Vertical defects of RBCs | show 🗑
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| Why are spherocytes more easily destroyed? | show 🗑
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| Clinical values of HS hgb, MCV, MCHC) | show 🗑
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| Problems associated with hreditary elliptocytosis | show 🗑
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| show | Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis; inherited; horizontal defect; PB shows budding, torn, strange shapes of RBCs
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| Clinical problems associated with HPP | show 🗑
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| show | Often splenectomy is best course; may need exchange transfusions
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| Rh Null disease is associated with . . . | show 🗑
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| What is a thalassemia? | show 🗑
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| show | A quanitative disorder of a hemoglobin chain (too much of one)
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| What is the RBC count, the indices and the typical RBC morphology of thalassemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Sideroblastic anemia; there is a disturbed or missing enzyme in the heme synthesis pathway; this leads to iron accumulation within mitochondria, which eventually rupture and deposit the iron into the cell
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| show | Malabsorption
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| What does the bone marrow in megaloblastic anemia look like? | show 🗑
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| show | IDA is <15%, Chronic Disease is >%15
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| What does a longterm hookworm infection do to the blood? | show 🗑
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| show | destruction of blood precursor cells and tissues caused by invasion from an non-hematopoetic cell like (like a tumor or cancer); dacryocytes and bizzare platelets are common (like MMM, which is also fibrotic)
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| What does the blood smear of a burn victim look like? | show 🗑
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| show | decreased M:E ratio, increased cellularity
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| show | decreased M:E ratio; increased cellularity; macrocytic changes (lagging nucleus)
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| What does the bone marrow of hereditary elliptocytosis look like? | show 🗑
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| What condition causes increased Heinz bodies? | show 🗑
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| What are Heinz bodies made of? | show 🗑
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| What is basophillic stippling composed of? | show 🗑
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| What does Prussian blue stain? | show 🗑
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| What is anemia in sickle cell caused by? | show 🗑
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| What are some complications caused by sickle cell anemia? | show 🗑
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| show | sickle cells
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| show | a toxic environment (from increased BUN) and that leads to the formation of ecchinocytes
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| show | can cause stomatocytes and/or ecchinocytes
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| What happens to the blood in chronic liver disease? | show 🗑
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| show | thalassemia; liver disease; hemoglobin C disorders; splenectomy
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| What drugs and chemicals can cause aplastic anemia? | show 🗑
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| Congenital red cell aplasia is called . . . | show 🗑
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| show | Fanconi's anemia
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| show | <25% cells, >70% fat
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| show | penicillin, quinidine, aldomet,
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| What is the hemolytic mechanism of penicillin | show 🗑
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| What is the hemolytic mechanism of aldomet? | show 🗑
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| show | glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiencty; the most common erythorcyte enzyme disorder
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| Why is G6PD deficiency toxic to cells? | show 🗑
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| show | antimalrials (primaquine, pamaquine)
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| show | acute or chronic renal failure
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| show | bacterial infection releases toxins into blood stream; toxins cause release of PLTs which attach to glomeruli and tear up passing RBCs
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| show | children
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| show | adults
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Created by:
redavis2
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