Module 14
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Upper respiratory tract | The part of the respiratory system containing the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx
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| Lower respiratory tract | The part of the respiratory system containing the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs
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| Ventilation | The process of getting air into the lungs and getting it back out
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| External respiration | The process of O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the alveoli and the blood
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| Internal respiration | The process of O₂ and CO₂ exchange between the cells and the blood
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| Pneumothorax | Air in the pleural cavity, which leads to a collapsed lung
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| Surfactant | A molecule with a hydrophilic end and a hydrophobic end
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| Compliance | The ease with which the lungs inflate
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| Aspirate | To take in by means of suction
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| Tidal volume | The volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal, quiet breathing
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| Functional residual capacity | The volume of air left in the lungs after a normal exhalation
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| Total lung capacity | The maximum volume of air contained in the lungs after a forceful inhalation
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| Residual volume | The volume of air left in the lungs after a forceful exhalation
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| The six layers of the respiratory membrane | Capillary endothelium, basement membrane of capillary endothelium, interstitial space, basement membrane of alveolar epithelium, alveolar epithelium, alveolar fluid
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| A lung infection which builds up fluid in the alveoli | pneumonia
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| Difficulty inhaling due to a lack of surfactant in the alveoli | respiratory distress syndrome
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| Difficulty exhaling due to lack of elastic tissue | emphysema
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| A loss of negative pressure in the pleural cavity | pneumothorax
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| When a person's diaphragm is contracted, the pressure in the lungs is ________________ compared to that of the atmosphere while the air is still flowing. | lower
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| A person's abdominal muscles are tightly contracted for breathing, meaning that they are ________________. | forcefully exhaling
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| A person's sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles are contracted as far as possible for breathing, so the volume of the air is closest to the _________________. | total lung capacity
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| A person's airway becomes partially blocked due to an obstruction, so of the six factors which increase the efficiency of external respiration, ____________________ is affected. | controlled relationship between ventilation and blood flow
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| In the Hering-Breuer reflex, receptors in the bronchioles send signals to the _____________________. | medulla
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| In the Hering-Breuer reflex, receptors in the bronchioles send signals that are __________________. | inhibitory
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| If blood pH is falling, the respiratory system can ________________ to rectify the situation. | increase rate and depth of ventilation
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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