A&P - Wk 6
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What is interstitial fluid called once it enters the lymphatics? | lymph
🗑
|
||||
| Why are lymphatic capillaries absent from bones, teeth, bone marrow and the entire central nervous system? | these areas' excess tissue fluid drains into the cerebrospinal fluid
🗑
|
||||
| What is the 'fatty' lymph that drains from the digestive viscera and delivered to the blood via the lymphatic stream called? | chyle
🗑
|
||||
| What are the major lymphatic trunks? | lumbar, bronchomediastinal, subclavian and jugular trunks and intestinal trunk
🗑
|
||||
| What collects lymph from the 2 large lumbar trunks that drain the lower limbs and from intestinal trunk that drains the digestive organs? | cisterna chyli
🗑
|
||||
| What happens when lymphatic vessels are severely inflamed causing the related vessels of the vasa vasorum to become congested with blood? | lymphangitis - the pathway of the associated superficial lymphatics becomes visible thru the skin as red lines tender to the touch
🗑
|
||||
| How does the lymphatic system transport lymph through the body? | by pulsations of nearby arteries, thythmic contractions of thoracic ducts and movement of adjacent tissues
🗑
|
||||
| What is blockage of the lymphatics by tumors or removal of lymphatics during cancer surgery which prevents the normal return of lymphatics to the blood called? | lymphedema
🗑
|
||||
| What are the 3 functions of the lymphatic system? | 1) return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream; 2) return leaked proteins to the blood; 3) carry absorbed fat from the intestine to the blood (thru lacteals)
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells produce plasma cells, that secrete antibodies into the blood an recognize antigens? | B cells
🗑
|
||||
| What is lymphoid tissue mainly composed of except the thymus? | reticular connective tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What lives on the fibers of the reticular network? | macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| What lives in the spaces of the network in huge numbers? | lymphocytes that have squeezed thru the walls of postcapillary venules coursing thru the tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What do lymphocytes mature into that protect the body against antigens? | T cells or B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells manage the immune response by directly attacking and destroying infected cells? | activated T cells
🗑
|
||||
| Which cells protect the body by producing plasma cells that secrete antibodies into the blood (or other bodily fluids)? | B cells
🗑
|
||||
| Where do lymphocytes arise from? | red bone marrow
🗑
|
||||
| What plays a crucial role in body protection and in the immune response by phagocytizing foreign substances and by helping to activate T cells? | lymphoid macrophages, and dendritic cells
🗑
|
||||
| What cells fibroblast-like cells produce the reticular fiber stroma? | reticular cells
🗑
|
||||
| Where do the lymphocytes cycle between in the body? | circulatory vessels, lymphoid tissues, and loose connective tissues
🗑
|
||||
| What tissue consists of a few scattered reticular tissue elements and is found in virtually every body organ? | diffuse lymphatic tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What cells predominate in germinal centers (the lighter staining center of a lymphoid follicle? | follicular dendritic cells and B cells
🗑
|
||||
| When do germinal centers enlarge dramatically? | When B cells are dividing rapidly and producing plasma cells
🗑
|
||||
| What cells predominate in germinal centers? | follicular dendritic cells and B cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are isolated aggregations of lymphoid follicles that occur in the intestinal wall and apprendix called? | Peyer's patches
🗑
|
||||
| What are the principal lymphoid organs in the body and where are they found? | lymph nodes, which cluster along the lymphatic vessels of the body
🗑
|
||||
| As lymph is transported back to the bloodstream the lymph nodes do what to it? | filter it
🗑
|
||||
| Where do large clusters of lymph nodes occur near the body surface? | inguinal, axillary and cervical regions
🗑
|
||||
| What are the primary functions of lymph nodes? | filtration of lymph; initiation of an immune response when necessary; production of new lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Each lymph node is surrounded by a dense fibrous capsule from which connective tissue strands called what extend inward to divide the node into a number of compartments? | trabeculae
🗑
|
||||
| What 2 histologically distinct regions comprise a lymph node? | cortex and the medulla
🗑
|
||||
| What does the superficial part of the cortex contain? | densely packed follicles, many with germinal centers heavy with dividing B cells
🗑
|
||||
| What cells nearly encapsulate the follicles and abut the deeper part of the cortex, which primarily houses T cells in transit? | dendritic cells
🗑
|
||||
| What role do the T cells perform by circulating continuously between the blood, lymph nodes and lymph? | surveillance role
🗑
|
||||
| What are thin inward extension from the cortical lymphoid tissue, and contain both types of lymphocytes plus plasma cells and define the medulla? | medullary cords
🗑
|
||||
| How does lymph enter the convex side of a lymph node? | Thru a number of afferent lymphatic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| How does the lymph exit the node at its hilum (the indented region on the concave side? | via efferent lymphatic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| What are infected lymph nodes called? | buboes
🗑
|
||||
| Buboes are the most obvious symptom of what? | bubonic plague
🗑
|
||||
| What do the spleen, thymus, tonsils, bits of lymphatic tissue scattered in the connective tissues and Peyer's patches of the intestine have in common? | they are all types of lymphoid organs or aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the body
🗑
|
||||
| What is the only lymphatic organ not comprised of reticular connective tissue? | thymus
🗑
|
||||
| What is an important function of the spleen? | blood-cleansing; extracts aged and defective blood cells and platelets and removes debris
🗑
|
||||
| What 3 additional functions does the spleen perform? | 1)stores some of the breakdown products of RBC for later reuse
2) is a site of erythrocyte production in the fetus (capability that ceases after birth)
3) stores blood platelets
🗑
|
||||
| The spleen contains large numbers of what? | erythrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| Areas of the spleen composed mostly of lymphocytes suspended onreticular fibers are called what? | white pulp
🗑
|
||||
| The white pulp clusters or forms "cuffs" around the central arteries in the spleen and appears to be islands in a sea of what? | red pulp - all remaining splenic tissue; venous sinuses and splenic cords, regions of reticular connective tissue exceptionally rich in macrophages
🗑
|
||||
| What is red pulp most concerned with disposing of? | worn out red blood cells and bloodborne pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| What is white pulp concerned with? | the immune functions of the spleen
🗑
|
||||
| What is removal of a reuptured spleen called? | splenectomy
🗑
|
||||
| The thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent, enabling them to function against specific pathogens in the immune response | T lymphocytes
🗑
|
||||
| What structures in the thymus consist of concentric whorls of keratinized epithelial cells, and are sites of T cell destruction? | thymic (Hassall's) corpuscles
🗑
|
||||
| How does the thymus differ from other lymphoid organs? (2 ways) | 1) it functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation so does not directly fight antigens
2) the stroma of the thymus consists of epithelial cells not reticular fibers
🗑
|
||||
| What are the simplest lymphoid organs? | tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Which tonsils are located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity and are the largest and the ones most often infected? | palatine tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| What tonsil is in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx? | pharyngeal tonsil
🗑
|
||||
| What tonsils surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx? | tubal tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Tonsils at the base of the tongue are what? | lingual tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| What function does the tonsils perform? | gather and remove many of the pathogens entering the pharynx in food or inhaled air
🗑
|
||||
| What are large isolated clusters of lymphoid follicles, structurally similar to the tonsils, and are located in teh wall of the distal portion of the small intestine? | Peyer's patches
🗑
|
||||
| Which follicles are heavily concentrated in the wall of the appendix? | lymphoid follicles
🗑
|
||||
| What are part of the collection of small lymphoid tissues referred to as mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)? | Peyer's patches, the appendix, and the tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Where are the MALT tissues located? | in the digestive tract
🗑
|
||||
| What does MALT protect passages from? | the never-ending onslaughts of foreign matter entering them
🗑
|
||||
| By what week of embryonic development, does the beginnings of the lymphatic vessels and the main clusters of lymph node become apparent? | 5th
🗑
|
||||
| Where do the lymph node arise from in embryos? | from the budding of lymph sacs from developing veins
🗑
|
||||
| How can pathogens and cancer cells spread thru the body? | via the lymphatic stream
🗑
|
||||
| What are the cells in lymphoid tissues? | lymphocytes (T cells or B cells); plasma cells; macrophages; dendritic cells; reticular cells
🗑
|
||||
| What are the principal lymphoid organs? | lymph nodes
🗑
|
||||
| Each lymph node consists of what 3 things? | fibrous capsule; cortex and a medulla
🗑
|
||||
| Lymphocytes arise from what tissue? | hematopoietic tissue
🗑
|
||||
| What regions are drained by the right lymphatic duct? | right arm, right side of head, and right side of upper body
🗑
|
||||
| What regions are drained by the thoracic duct? | the left side of head, left side of upper body and entire lower body
🗑
|
||||
| What are lymphatic capillaries called in the intestinal mucosa? | lacteals
🗑
|
||||
| How does chyle differ from lymph? | chyle is a milky bodily fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats and the composition of lymph is clear, watery fluid that contains protein molecules, salts, glucose, urea,
🗑
|
||||
| Why should a badly infected part of the body be immobilized? | So as not to spread the infection via lymph transport
🗑
|
||||
| What other forces assist with lymphatic return? | skeletal muscle contraction, contractions of the lymphatic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the thoracic duct empty into? | the left subclavian vein
🗑
|
||||
| Where does the right lymphatic duct empty into? | the right subclavian vein
🗑
|
||||
| What comprises lymphatic tissues? | nodules and lymphatic organs
🗑
|
||||
| What are inflamed pharyngeal tonsils, located in the nasopharynx called? | adenoids
🗑
|
||||
| What are the most common tonsils located at the posterolateral aspect of the oral cavity called? | palatine tonsils
🗑
|
||||
| Which tonsils are found on the root of the tongue? | lingual tonsils
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
svking01
Popular Biology sets