ESC1000 - All the Questions From Exam 2
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| What does a volcanologist call molten rock before it reaches the surface? A. intrusive blocks B. effluent C. intrusive bombs D. magma | show 🗑
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| show | B. lava
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| The most abundant type of rock in the oceanic crust is the igneous rock known as _____ , but the most abundant type of rock in the continental crust is the igneous rock known as _____. A. basalt…sandstone, B. basalt…shale, C. granite…basalt, D. basalt…granite | show 🗑
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| show | C. volcanic rock…plutonic rock
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| The igneous rock known as _____ has a _____ texture. A. granite…phaneritic, B. diorite…phaneritic, C. gabbro…phaneritic, D. A, B and C are correct | show 🗑
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| The igneous rock known as _____ has a _____ texture.A. rhyolite…aphanitic, B. andesite…aphanitic, C. basalt…aphanitic, D. A, B and C are correct | show 🗑
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| show | C. aphanitic
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| show | E.porphyritic
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| show | A. pumice…vesicular
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| show | D. obsidian
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| There are two major types (categories) of rock weathering: _____ and _____. A. compaction and cementation, B. physical and chemical, C. mechanical and chemical | show 🗑
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| show | B. quartz
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| After sediment is deposited, it must undergo two important processes to become a sedimentary rock. These two processes are _____ and _____. A. crystallization and melting, B. compaction and cementation, C. crystallization and extrusion | show 🗑
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| show | A. shale
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| Which of the following types of detrital sedimentary rocks has the coarsest (largest) grain size? A. shale, B. siltstone, C. sandstone, D. conglomerate | show 🗑
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| show | C. particle shape
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| show | D. peat…lignite…bituminous coal…anthracite coal
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| show | True
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| _____ is the type of sedimentary rock (a variety of limestone) that the Spanish used to build their fort at St. Augustine, the oldest continually occupied settlement in eastern North America. A. Chalk, B. Coquina, C. Rock salt, D. Sandstone, E. Coal | show 🗑
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| show | A. Chalk
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| _____ and _____ are examples of chemical sedimentary rocks that form on lake or ocean bottoms when there is a high rate of evaporation of the overlying water body. A. Siltstone and shale, B. Chert and flint, C. Chalk and coquina, D. Rock salt and gypsum | show 🗑
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| show | D. Fossils
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| show | B. contact
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| When large areas of rocks are buried and subjected to high geologic pressure and high geologic temperatures, this type of metamorphism is known as _____ metamorphism. A. contact, B. superficial, C. tectonic, D. regional | show 🗑
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| show | A. marble
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| show | C. quartzite
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| Which of the following is the low grade metamorphic equivalent of shale? This rock type is still used to make roofs for homes in many parts of the world (e.g., England, Ireland, USA). A. basalt, B. slate, C. quartzite, D. amphibolite, E. marble | show 🗑
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| show | D. gneiss
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| show | A. garnet
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| show | B. mass wasting
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| show | E. both B and C are correct
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| show | C. capacity…competence
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| show | E. delta
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| The discharge of a river is the _____. A. average amount of sediment moving in the river channel (measured in m3/sec), B. amount of particles moved by the river (measured in kilograms), C. amount of water flowing past a point in the river in a given amount of time (measured in m3/sec), D. velocity of water flowing past a point along the riverbank (measured in m/sec) | show 🗑
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| In the Mississippi River delta, over the last 7,000-8,000 years here have been at least _____ major deltas that have grown in this time. This is a clear signal that the river mouth will try to keep moving over time. A 3, B. 4, C.5, D. 6, E. 7 | show 🗑
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| The gradient of a river is steepest at the _____ of the river and lowest at the _____ of the river. A mouth…headwaters, B. median section…beginning, C. headwaters…mouth | show 🗑
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| Imagine what a cross-section of a river channel (meander bend) would look like. The location in the river channel where active erosion is occurring are the _____. A point bars, B. natural levees, C. cut-banks | show 🗑
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| show | A. point bars
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| show | C. Army Corps of Engineers
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| show | A. Oxbow lakes…meander
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| show | A. increases
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| show | D. ground water
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| Which sedimentary rock types would make a good aquifer? A. sandstone, B. shale, C. limestone, D. both A and B, E. both A and C | show 🗑
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| show | B. shale…prevents the flow of ground water
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| show | A. water table
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| show | D. Karst topography
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| show | B. limestone
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| show | C. freshwater spring
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| show | C. freshwater springs
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| show | B. magnesium and calcium from the limestone that contains the ground water
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| Whenever too much water is withdrawn too rapidly from a well, the withdrawal creates a _____ in the water table around this well. A. rise in aquifer water pressure, B. swell of the potentiometric surface, C. rise in the potentiometric surface, D. cone of depression | show 🗑
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| Stalactites are speleothems (cave formations) that grow _____. A. down from the ceiling of the cave, B. up from the floor of the cave | show 🗑
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| show | D. column
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| show | B. calcite…travertine
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| show | C. an underground magma chamber that is slowly cooling as ground water interacts with it
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| On which land mass is the northern hemisphere's largest ice sheet located? A. South America, B. Australia, C. Africa, D. Greenland, E. Antarctica | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | B. will rise
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| True or False: During the recent Ice Age, glaciers grew on continents such as Australia, Africa, and South America, and not on continents such as Asia and North America. | show 🗑
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| show | E. calving
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| show | B. Aretes
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| After a glacier recedes (melts) from an area, long grooves and scratches termed _____ are often exposed on flat rock surfaces. They tell you direction of past ice movement. A. horns, B. cirques, C. aretes, D. moraines, E. striations | show 🗑
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| The last remaining Ice Age pluvial lake in the western United States (Utah) is _____. It is gradually drying up. A. Death Valley, B. Lake Mead, C. Lake Missoula, D. Great Salt Lake, E. Yellowstone Lake | show 🗑
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| The term _____ represents the geologic period during which the latest Ice Age occurred. A. Triassic, B. Jurassic, C. Tertiary, D. Pleistocene, E. a correct answer is not listed | show 🗑
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| In Earth' s history, there have been _____ documented periods of widespread continental glaciation. A. just one, B. two, C. three, D. four | show 🗑
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| show | D. Artic
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| show | True
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| show | B. steppe…desert
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| The world's largest desert is the _____ desert, located in _____. A. Mojave…North America, B. Simpson Desert…Australia, C. Sahara…Africa, D. Gobi…China | show 🗑
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| show | D. Alfred Wegener
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| show | D. Pangaea…Laurasia…Gondwanaland
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| show | E. North America
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| show | E. all of these were part of Gondwanaland
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| show | C. 180-200 million years ago
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| True or False: The limited geographic range of fossil remains of the fresh water reptile Mesosaurus was used as supporting evidence of the hypothesis of continental drift. | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | B. in the cores of the continents
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| show | B. 7
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| First proposed by the American marine geologist Harry Hess, the youngest igneous rocks of the seafloor are found _____. A. near the world's continental slopes, B. near the rift valleys of the mid-ocean ridges, C. beneath the deep-sea trenches, D. evenly distributed over the ocean basins | show 🗑
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| During World War II, Harry Hess was a _____ in the _____. His wartime experience, especially with the technology known as sonar, was quite important in his subsequent peacetime geological research. A. fighter pilot…Army Air Corps, B. U.S. Marine…Pacific Ocean, C. captain of a troop transport…U.S. naval battles in the Pacific, D. field hospital surgeon…U.S. Army in Europe | show 🗑
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| show | C. East Africa
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| At which of the following locations does an active oceanic rift exist today? A. center of North American continent, B. center of the Atlantic Ocean, C. East Africa, D. center of South America continent | show 🗑
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| show | C. 5cm per year
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| show | D. Mid-Atlantic Ocean Ridge
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| show | B. Pacific
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| show | B. basalt
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| show | B. Chikyu
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| Which of the following correctly describes the order of layers discovered in the oceanic crust by the Deep Sea Drilling project? A. deep-water shale…peridotite…basaltic lava flows and pillow basalts…gabbroic rocks, B. deep-water shale…basaltic lava flows and pillow basalts…gabbroic rocks…peridotite, C. deep-water shale…gabbroic rocks…basaltic lava flows and pillow basalts…peridotite | show 🗑
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| show | True
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| show | True
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| show | C. both A and B are viable models
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| The point immediately above the earthquake at the ground surface is the _____. A. epicenter, B. pericenter, C. hydrocenter, D. hypocenter | show 🗑
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| show | A. hypocenter
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| The motion of the ground before, during, and after an earthquake is described as _____ _____. A. seismic recoil, B. aftershock response, C. elastic rebound, D. none of these answers | show 🗑
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| A _____ is produced by a _____, which records the seismic vibrations detected by an instrument sensitive to ground vibrations known as a _____. These patterns are then interpreted by a _____. A. seismogram…seismometer…seismograph…seismologist, B. seismometer…seismograph…seismogram…seismologist, C. seismogram…seismograph…seismometer…seismologist | show 🗑
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| show | D. both A and C
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| show | C. surface wave
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| show | E. magnitude
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| On the Richter Earthquake scale, the difference between the different units is in terms of the amount of displacement (amplitude) of the crust. A. logarithmic, B. geometric, C. linear | show 🗑
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| Which earthquake intensity scale is based on building damage? Hint: It uses Roman Numbers. A. Ravioli Scale, B. Fusilli Scale, C. Rigatoni Scale, D. Ziti Scale, E. Mercalli Scale | show 🗑
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| show | B. liquefaction
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| show | C. Tsunami waves
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| In the great Pacific Ocean tsunami of 1946 that originated near the Aleutian Islands, which United States territory was caught totally unawares by a tsunami that killed over 150 American citizens? A. Puerto Rico, B. Philippines, C. Hawaii, D. American Samoa, E. US. Virgin Islands | show 🗑
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| show | A. Japan
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| Which of these countries has suffered the most, in loss of life, from large intracontinental earthquakes? A. Japan, B. Peru, C. Iran, D. United States, E. China | show 🗑
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| show | E. about 8,000 miles
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| In the model of the oceanic crust developed through the research of the Deep-Sea Drilling project, the rock type that makes up the oceanic crust of the Earth is _____. A. basalt, B. granite, C. peridotite, D. limestone, E. marble | show 🗑
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| In the model of the oceanic crust developed through the research of the Deep-Sea Drilling project, the rock type that makes up the mantle of the Earth is _____. A. basalt, B. granite, C. peridotite, D. limestone, E. marble | show 🗑
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| show | B. mantle
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| The inner core of the Earth is composed of _____ iron, but the outer core is composed of _____iron. A. solid…liquid, B. liquid…solid, C. Neither A or B are correct | show 🗑
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| The presence of the Earth's field supports the idea that the inner and outer core is mostly iron. A. radioactive, B. thermoluminescent, C. ultraviolet, D. infrared, E. magnetic | show 🗑
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