Dental Radiography -- Principles and Techniques
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| Radiation | emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves
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| Radiograph | 2D representation of a 3D object
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| Dental Radiograph | photographic image produced on image receptor through teeth and related structures
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| X-Radiation | high-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation
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| X-ray | weightless bundle of energy w/o an electrical charge that travel in waves
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| Radioactivity | process where certain unstable atoms undergo spontaneous decay to become more balanced
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| Beta Particles | fast moving electrons emitted nucleus
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| Cathode Ray | stream of high speed electrons that originate in x-ray tube
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| Alpha Particles | emitted from nuclei of heavy metals
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| Aluminum Disks | sheets placed in path of xray beam to filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength xrays
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| Lead Collimator | lead plate w a central hole that fits over the opening of the metal housing to restrict size of xray beam
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| Cathode | negative electrode
consists of tungsten wire filament
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| Anode | positive electrode
consists of wafer-thin tungsten plate
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| Amperage | measurement of number of electrons moving through conductor
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| Voltage | measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive pole
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| Kilovoltage | maximum or peak voltage
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| Density | overall darkness or blackness of an image
increase KvP = darker image
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| Contrast | how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated on an image
high contrast = many black/white areas, few grey
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| Milliamperage | controls the penetrating power of xray beam by controlling number of electrons produced
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| Inverse Square Law | when source-receptor distance is increased, the intensity of the beam is decreased
**source-receptor distance is dbl'd, intensity of radiation is 1/4 intense**
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| Stochastic Effect | direct function of dose
severity of effects does not depend on magnitude of absorbed dose
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| Nonstochastic Effect | somatic effects that have a threshold and increase in severity w increasing absorbed dose
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| Roentgen (R) | measuring radiation exposure by determining the amount of ionization in the air
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