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Radiation Basics
Dental Radiography -- Principles and Techniques
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Radiation | emission and propagation of energy through space or a substance in the form of waves |
| Radiograph | 2D representation of a 3D object |
| Dental Radiograph | photographic image produced on image receptor through teeth and related structures |
| X-Radiation | high-energy ionizing electromagnetic radiation |
| X-ray | weightless bundle of energy w/o an electrical charge that travel in waves |
| Radioactivity | process where certain unstable atoms undergo spontaneous decay to become more balanced |
| Beta Particles | fast moving electrons emitted nucleus |
| Cathode Ray | stream of high speed electrons that originate in x-ray tube |
| Alpha Particles | emitted from nuclei of heavy metals |
| Aluminum Disks | sheets placed in path of xray beam to filter out the non-penetrating, longer wavelength xrays |
| Lead Collimator | lead plate w a central hole that fits over the opening of the metal housing to restrict size of xray beam |
| Cathode | negative electrode consists of tungsten wire filament |
| Anode | positive electrode consists of wafer-thin tungsten plate |
| Amperage | measurement of number of electrons moving through conductor |
| Voltage | measurement of electrical force that causes electrons to move from a negative pole to a positive pole |
| Kilovoltage | maximum or peak voltage |
| Density | overall darkness or blackness of an image increase KvP = darker image |
| Contrast | how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated on an image high contrast = many black/white areas, few grey |
| Milliamperage | controls the penetrating power of xray beam by controlling number of electrons produced |
| Inverse Square Law | when source-receptor distance is increased, the intensity of the beam is decreased **source-receptor distance is dbl'd, intensity of radiation is 1/4 intense** |
| Stochastic Effect | direct function of dose severity of effects does not depend on magnitude of absorbed dose |
| Nonstochastic Effect | somatic effects that have a threshold and increase in severity w increasing absorbed dose |
| Roentgen (R) | measuring radiation exposure by determining the amount of ionization in the air |
Created by:
summerbradley
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