Cell function Vocab
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| Active Transport | is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of their lower concentration to a region of their higher concentration
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| Adenosine TriPhosophate (ATP) | a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue.
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| Carbohydrate Chains | The biological functions of carbohydrate chains attached through serine or threonine residues (O-linked) of glycoproteins are less well-defined,
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| Carrier Protein | A protein that transports specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid,
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| Cell Membrane | the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell.
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| Cell Specialization | Cells throughout an organism can develop in different ways to perform different tasks.
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| Cell Theory | a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter
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| Cell Wall | a rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
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| Channel Protein | is a protein that allows the transport of specific substances across a cell membrane.
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| Centrioles | a minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
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| Chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
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| Concentration Gradient | is the process of particles, which are sometimes called solutes, moving through a solution or gas
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a Eukaryota cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has chromosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
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| Endocytosis | is a form of active transport in which a cell transports molecules (such as proteins) into the cell.
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| Equilibrium | A state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.
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| Eukaryote | An organism whose cells contain a nucleus surrounded by a membrane and whose DNA is bound together by proteins into chromosomes.
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| Exocytosis | a process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane.
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| Homeostasis | the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
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| Hypertonic | Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
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| Hypotonic | having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid.
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| Isotonic | Solution refers to two solutions having the same osmotic pressure across a semipermeable membrane.
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| Lipid Bilayer | A two-layered arrangement of phosphate and lipid molecules that form a cell membrane, the hydrophobic lipid
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| Mitochondrion | an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
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| Multicelluar | Having or consisting of many cells or more than one cell to perform all vital functions.
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| Nuclear Envelope | The two layered membrane that encases the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, which separates the nucleus from other cell organelles.
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| Nucleolus | a small dense spherical structure in the nucleus of a cell during interphase.
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| Nucleus | Is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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| Organ | A group of tissues in a living organism that have been adapted to perform a specific function
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| Organ System | an organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions
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| Organelle | an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function
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| Osmosis | Is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration,
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| Osmosis Pressure | is the minimum pressure which needs to be applied to a solution to prevent the inward flow of water across a semipermeable membrane.
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| Passive transport | is a movement of ions and other atomic or molecular substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
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| Prokaryote | A microscopic single-celled organism which has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles
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| Protein | A molecule composed of polymers of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
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| Ribosome | A sphere-shaped structure within the cytoplasm of a cell that is composed of RNA and protein and is the site of protein synthesis.
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| Semi-Permeable | A membrane that is selectively permeable, i.e. being permeable to only certain molecules and not to all molecules.
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| Simple Diffusion | refers to a process whereby a substance passes through a membrane without the aid of an intermediary such as a integral membrane protein.
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| Solute | whereas the dissolved substance is called a solute.
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| Solvent | A liquid in which substances (or solutes) are dissolved forming a solution
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| Tissue | is a cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
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| Tonicity | is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient,
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| Unicelluar | organisms are composed of a single cell,
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| Vacuole | A cavity within the cytoplasm of a cell, surrounded by a single membrane and containing fluid, food, or metabolic waste.
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