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| What arises off the ascending aorta ? | Right and Left Coronary Arteries
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| What are the branches of the Aortic Arch? | Right Immoniate, Left Common Carotid and Left Subclavian Artery
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| What is the Right Immoniate Artery also known as? | Right Brachiocephalic Artery
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| What is the most common variant of 22 % of the Aortic Arch? | Common origin of Right Immoniate artery and Left Common Carotid Artery
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| What is the 2nd branch off of the Aortic Arch? | Left Common Carotid Arterynu
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| What is the 3rd branch of the Aortic Arch? | Left Subclavian Artery
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| Where does the Sublavian Artery terminate at? | Thoracic Outlet
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| What's is the route of the Subclavian Artery? | Runs laterally downward to the outer border of the 1st rib arching above the clavicle and in front of the apex of the lung
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| Where does the Subclavian Artery become the Axillary Artery? | At the lateral margin of the the 1st rib as it travels along the shoulder of the upper arm
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| What are the 4 major branches of the Subclavian Artery? | Vertebral. Thyrocervical. Internal thoracic. Costocervical Arteries
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| What is another name for the Internal Thoracic Artery? | Internal Mammary Artery
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| How many branches does the Axillary have? | Seven
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| What are the 7 branches of the Axillary Artery? | Superior. Thoracic. Thoracoacromial. Lateral Thoracic. Subscapular. Thoracodorsal. Anterior and Posterior Humeral. arteries
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| When does the Axillary Artery become the Brachial Artery? | After the seven branches of the Axillary
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| Where does the Brachial Artery terminate? | 1 cm below the bend of the elbow (ACF)
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| What artery divides into the Radial and Ulnar Arteries? | Brachial Artery
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| What is the route of the Radial Artery? | Runs down the lateral side of the forearm into the hand
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| Where does the Radial Artery terminate at? | In the Deep Palmar Arch
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| What is the branch given off by the Radial Artery? | Superficial Palmar Arch
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| What creates the Deep Palmar Arch? | Distal portion of Radial Artery and the joining of the Deep branch of the Ulnar Artery
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| What is the route of the Ulnar artery? | Run downward in the medial aspect of the forearm into the hand
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| What does the Immoniate Artery divide into? | Right Subclavian Artery and Right Common Carotid Artery
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| Which artery is the predominant source of blood to the hand? | Ulnar Artery
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| What forms the Superficial Palmar Arch? | Branch off the Radial Artery and the distal portion of the Ulnar Artery
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| Where does the Ulnar Artery terminate? | Superficial Palmar Arch
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| What arteries arise from the Palmar Arches? | Digital Arteries
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| What do the Digital Arteries supply? | Fingers
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| What percentage does the Radial Artery (1) and the Ulnar Artery (2) originate from the Axillary Artery? | 1. 1-3%
2. 2-3%
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| What is the 2nd most common variant of the arterial system in the upper extremity? | 19%- Early division of the Brachial Artery
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| What does the Common Femoral Artery divide into? | Superficial Femoral Artery and Deep Femoral Artery
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| Where does the Popliteal Artery branch off at? | Internal between Tibia and Fibula at the lower portion of the Popiteus Muscle
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| What is the most common variant of the arterial system of the lower extremity? | 4-12% Hypoplasia/Alaska of Anterior Tibial Artery with absence of For Pedis Pulse
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| What does the Popliteal Artery and Gastrocnemius Artery supply? | Muscle, Knee Joint and Skin
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| What is the 2nd most common variant of the arterial system of the lower extremity? | 8% Anomalous location of the Dorsalis Pedis Artery
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| What does the External Iliac Artery turn into once it passes underneath the Inguinal Ligament? | Common Femoral Artery
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| What branches from the Anterior Tibial Artery? | Dorsalis Pedis Artery
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| What is the course of the Anterior Tibial Artery? | Passes superficial to inteosseous membrane and Deep in front of the leg along the Anterior surface of inteosseous membrane
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| What branch is the 1st branch off the Popiteal Artery? | Anterior Tibial Artery
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| What are the branches of the Popiteal Artery and what are they known as? | 1. Anterior Tibial Artery
2. Tibioperoneal Trunk
Trifurcation
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| What is the course of the External Iliac Artery? | Travels in a lateral and inferior direction along the medial aspect of the poas major muscle
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| What are the 2 branches of the Posterior Tibial Artery and what do they supply? | Lateral and Medial Plantar arteries
Supplies sole of foot when bifurcated at below the medial malleolous
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| What branches form the plantar arch and where doe this occur? | Deep Plantar Artery and Lateral Plantar Artery
Uniting in the deep sole of the foot.
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| At the dorsum of the foot, what does the Dorsalis Pedis Artery branch into? | 1. 1st Dorsal Metatarsal Artery
2. Deep Plantar Artery
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| What does the Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries supply blood to? | Digits of the foot
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| What creates the Hunters Canal? | Confluence of the quadriceps and addicted muscles in distal thigh
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| What is the Hunters Canal for? | Channel for the Femoral vessels
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| What is the course of the Posterior Tibial Artery? | Extends obliquely down the Posterior aspect of the calf to the medial side of the leg into the foot
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| What arteries are formed from the Tibioperoneal trunk? | 1. Posterior Tibal Artery
2. Peroneal Artery
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| What % of the time does the Popliteal Artery have a high bifurcation? | 4%
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| Cab the Peroneal Artery arise from the Anterior Tibial Artery? | 2% have a high bifurcation of the Popiteal Artery
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| What is the course of the Superficial Femoral Artery? | Runs the length of the thigh entering the Popiteal fossa behind the knee
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| What is the well-known landmark for the termination of the Femoral Artery (superficial) | Hunters Canal (adductor canal)
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| What is the adductor hiatus and what is it commonly referred to? | Gap in the adductor Magnus muscle
Aka Hunters Canal
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| What is the Deep Femoral Artery also know as? | Profunda Femoris
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| What arteries arise off the Popiteal Artery when it first travels from the Hunters Canal? | Gastrocnemius Artery and the Genicular Branches
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| What is the course of the Peroneal Artery? | Passes toward the fibula and travels down medial side of the bone.
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| What branches does the Digital Artery brand into? | Lateral Digital Artery
Medial Digital Artery
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| What does the Peroneal Artery supply? | Structures in the lateral side of the leg and in the calcaneal region of the foot.
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| What does the Common Iliac Artery divide into? | Right and Left Internal Iliac (hypogastric)
Right and Left External Iliac Artery
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| What location does the Common Iliac bifurcates? | At lumbarsacral junction
About 5 cm from bifurcation inferior from it's origin
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| What 2 vessels does the Internal Iliac Vessel divide into? | Anterior and Posterior Iliac Artery
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| Where does the Internal Iliac divide? | 3-4 cm in length at upper margin of greater sciatic foramen
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| What vessel is a continuation of the Common Iliac Artery? | External Iliac Artery
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| What is the course of the Deep Femoral Artery (profunda)? | Arises 5 cm from the inguinal ligament off the Femoral Artery on the lateral side.
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| What do the Common Iliac Artery supply? | Pelvis
Abdominal wall
Lower limbs
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| What does the Internal Iliac Artery supply blood to? | Pelvis wall
Pelvic viscera
Thigh
Gluteal muscle
Perineum
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| What is the order form prox to distal of the aorta? | Ascending aorta
Aortic arch
Descending aorta
Abdominal aorta
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| Where does the ascending aorta arise from? | Left ventricle of the heart
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| What are the 3 branches if the celiac artery? | Left gastric artery
Splenic artery
Common hepatic artery
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| Where is the superior mesenteric artery located and what does the celiac artery share? | 1 cm distal to celiac artery
A common trunk
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| What is common variant of the renal arteries? | Can be multiple
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| What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta? | Right and Left Common Iliac artery
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| What does the Inferior Mesenteric Artery supply? | Left half transverse colon
Descending colon
Iliac
Sigmoid colon
Part of rectum
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| What artery and where on the artery dies the Inferior Epigastric Artery arise from? | External Iliac Artery
Just above the inguinal ligament
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| What are the terminal branches of the abdominal aorta? | Right and Left Common Iliac Artery
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| What are the 3 major parietal branches of the abdominal aorta? | Inferior Phrenic artery
Lumbar arteries
Middle sacral artery
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| What are the 5 anterior branches of the abdominal aorta? | Celiac Artery
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Gonads Artery
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
Medial Sacral Artery
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| What is the pathway of the descending thoracic aorta? | Extends downward from aortic arch to just above diaphragm
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| Where is right renal artery located? | Posterior to right renal vein and ivc in the mid/distal segments
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| Where does the IMA arise from? | Distal aorta 3-4 cm above Aorta bifurcation
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| What is the landmark for the left renal artery? | Left renal vein, which lies anterior to the renal artery
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| What does the Superior Mesenteric Artery supply blood to? | Small intestine
Cexum
Ascending colon
Part of transverse colon
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| What does the celiac artery feed? | Stomach
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
Spleen
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| What is the aortic arch formed by? | Ascending Aorta
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| Why are capillaries considered the most vital part of circulation system? | Through the walls of the capillaries that nutrients/waste products are exchanged between tissue and blood to maintain consistency
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| What do the Vasa Vasorum do? | Carry blood to and from the walls of larger arteries
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| What layer contains the Vasa Vasorum? | External Layer (adventia)
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| What do capillaries consist of, measure in length and diameter? | 1. Endothelial cells
2. Not much more than a millimeter long
3. 8-10 micron in diameter
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| What do arterioles do? | Transport gases and nutrient and other essential substances to capillaries
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| What are arterioles? | Resistive vessels that help regulate blood flow by contracting and relaxing
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| What are the 3 layers of the Arterial wall? | 1. Inner - tunica intima
2. Middle - tunica media
3. Outer - tunica externa
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| What is the most outer layer wall of an artery and what does it consist of? | Tunica (adventia) externa
Thinner than media
Contains white fibrous connective tissue and at times smooth muscle fibers in longitudinal pattern
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| What is the inner most layer of the arterial wall and what does it consist of? | Tunica intima
Thin
Consist of surface layer of smooth endothelium over a base membrane and connective tissue
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| What is the middle layer of the arterial wall and what is it consist of? | Intermediate layer
Tunica media
Thicker and composed of smooth muscle/connective tissue of elastic type in circular pattern
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