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| according to joint commission, how many patient identifiers must be used? | show 🗑
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| show | False
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| According to CDC and joint commission, When hands are not visibly dirty, _____ are the preferred method for cleaning your hands in the healthcare setting | show 🗑
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| show | general anesthesia or deep sedation
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| what are the 3 components of universal protocol during invasive procedures according to joint commission? | show 🗑
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| show | pre-procedure verification
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| show | site marking
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| show | the one who knows most about the patient.
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| during the site marking process of universal protocol for invasive procedures, what patients or situations may an alternative method be used? | show 🗑
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| this is the final assessment to correctly identify the patient, site and procedure, where all activities are suspended, allowing those involved to communicate. | show 🗑
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| according to OSHA, material safety data sheets are now known as | show 🗑
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| show | safety data sheets
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| With the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress created the this to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance. | show 🗑
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| show | seizure
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| to be Dx as epilepsy a patient must have these 2 characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | partial / focal and generalized
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| show | 1. partial without impairment
2. partial with impairment
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| 6 classification of generalized seizures | show 🗑
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| show | aura
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| show | site of cortical onset
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| show | 1. visual
2. auditory
3 .gustatory
4. somatosensory
5. olfactory
6. psychic (experiential)
7. autonomic
8. abdominal
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| this type of seizure is conceptualized as originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks. | show 🗑
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| these types of seizures are conceptualized as originating within networks limited to one hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | 1. typical
2. atypical
3. wtih eyelid myoclonia
4. myoclonic
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| show | typical absence seizure
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| show | myoclonic absence
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| seizures accompanied by brief, repetitive, often rhythmic, fast (4-6 Hz) myoclonic jerks of the eyelids with simultaneous upward deviation of the eyeballs and extension of the head describes what type of sz? | show 🗑
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| this type of absence sz has less abrupt onset / offset of loss of awareness, and may be minimal with continuing activity, associated with loss of muscle tone and subtle myoclonic jerks. | show 🗑
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| EEG pattern seen with typical absence sz? | show 🗑
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| EEG seen with myoclonic absence sz? | show 🗑
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| show | absence with eyelid myoclonia
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| show | < 2.5 Hz generalized spike and wave.
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| show | 1. tonic
2. clonic
3. tonic - clonic
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| EEG shows ___ during the tonic sz? | show 🗑
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| EEG shows ___ during the clonic sz? | show 🗑
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| show | sensory or experiential
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| show | 1. somatosensory
2. visual
3. auditory
4. olfactory
5. gustotory
6. epigastric (abdominal)
7. Cephalic
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| show | 1. affective
2. mnemonic
3. hallucinatory
4. illusory
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| show | somatosensory, sensorimotor cortex.
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| sensory aura described as elementary hallucinations such as flashing or flickering lights, spots or other shapes, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. these aura's arise in ___ | show 🗑
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| show | auditory, auditory cortex (lateral superior temporal lobe)
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| show | olfactory, mesial temporal or orbitofrontal regions
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| sensory aura described as upper abdominal phenomena including discomfort, emptiness, tightness, churning and a sensation that may rise up to the chest or throat. arises in ___ | show 🗑
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| sensory aura described as a sensation in the head such as light-headedness or headache. | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as phenomena such as fear, depression, joy and anger. | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as memory phenomena such as feelings of familiarity (déjà vu) and unfamiliarity (jamais vu). | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as complex sensory phenomena that may involve visual (e.g. formed images), auditory (e.g. hearing voices) or other sensory modalities, without change in awareness. | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as an alteration of actual perception involving visual, auditory, somatosensory, olfactory, and/or gustatory phenomena, without change in awareness | show 🗑
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| what separates the sensory aura's of visual and auditory from visual and auditory experiential aura's? | show 🗑
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| show | tonic
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| show | atonic
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| show | atonic
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| show | 1. myoclonic
2. negative myoclonus
3. myoclonic-atonic
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| seizure is a single or series of jerks (brief muscle contractions). Each jerk is typically milliseconds in duration. | show 🗑
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| EEG seen with myoclonic sz's | show 🗑
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| show | negative myoclonic sz
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| negative myoclonus show what on EEG? | show 🗑
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| described as myoclonic seizure followed by an atonic seizure. | show 🗑
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| show | Myoclonic component is associated with a generalized spike or polyspike. The atonic component is associated with the after going high voltage slow wave.
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| focal seizues | show 🗑
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| 3 types of complex motor movements? | show 🗑
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| proximal limb or axial muscles, producing irregular large amplitude ballistic movements, such as pedaling, pelvic thrusting, jumping, thrashing and/or rocking movements describes what kind of motor movements | show 🗑
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| a stereotyped contraction of a muscle or group of muscles. Such motor features may be predominantly convulsive, dystonic, and versive , discribes what major type of motor movements? | show 🗑
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| show | elementary and complex
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| 2 ways the international league against epilepsy defines seizures types (classifies seizures) | show 🗑
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| defined as a set of brief, unconscious behaviors of purposeless and repetitive movement associated with impaired awareness | show 🗑
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| automatisms such as bicycling, pelvic thrusting, disruptive behavior, fear, and sexual behaviors most likely arise from what area of the brain? | show 🗑
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| show | temporal lobe
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| defined as a seizure or series of seizures that continue for at lest 5 minutes without return of consciousness between seizures, and considered a medical emergency | show 🗑
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| show | non-epileptic events
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| defined as epilepsy syndromes with specific age related onset, clinical and electrographic characteristics, and presumed genetic mechanism | show 🗑
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| show | symptomatic epilepsy
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| show | during the event
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| show | time in between the event
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| show | the period of time immediately following an event
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| show | F = 0-4 Hz
D = >200ms
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| show | F = 5-14 Hz
D = 70-200ms
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| what is the frequency and duration of a spike wave? | show 🗑
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| show | broca's area
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| what area of the brain controls receptive speech? | show 🗑
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| show | transverse temporal gyrus
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| functions of the angular gyrus? | show 🗑
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| show | insula
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| show | 1. hippocampus
2. amygdala
3. anterior thalamic nuclei
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| functions of the limbic system | show 🗑
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| show | frontal lobe
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| a patient displays simple motor movements such as limb twitching or jacsonia march. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | supplementary motor cortex
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| a patient display abnormal taste sensation. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | insular - orbital frontal cortex
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| a patient displays olfactory hallucinations. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | amygdala, opercular region
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| show | temporal lobe
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| show | posterior temporal lobe or amygdalo - hippocampus
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| show | parietal lobe
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| show | occipital lobe
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| this is a small space in the back of the skull and houses the brainstem, cerebellum and fourth ventricle | show 🗑
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| what is the most common location for pediatric tumors? | show 🗑
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| most common pediatric tumor? | show 🗑
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| gold standard for assessing hippocampal sclerosis (AKA mesial temporal sclerosis) | show 🗑
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| show | tractography
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| show | to show structural abnormalities
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| this neuroimaging test measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow, to help map sensory, motor and language | show 🗑
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| this is an imaging test that uses a radioactive substance, called a tracer, to look for a disease in the body | show 🗑
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| most common tracer used on a PET scan | show 🗑
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| show | 1. glucose metabolism
2. HYPOmetabolism
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| this neuroimaging test measures blood flow and shows function of organs as well as hypoperfusion | show 🗑
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| show | MEG - magneto-encephalography
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| show | seizure focus, sensory , motor and language
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| show | MEG can map a seizure focus.
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| this phase of the EMU uses surface electrodes, using the expanded international 10-20 system | show 🗑
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| this phase of the EMU uses intracranial electrodes for surgical candidates | show 🗑
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| this phase of the EMU does resections for epilepsy surgery | show 🗑
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| show | 1. grid
2. strip
3. depth
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| how are depth and strip electrodes placed | show 🗑
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| how are grid and strip electrodes placed | show 🗑
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| t1, t2 are placed... | show 🗑
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| sphenoidal electrode record what area of the brain? | show 🗑
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| surface electrodes are made of ___ and are typically placed using the ___ system | show 🗑
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| sphenoidal electrodes are made of | show 🗑
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| what are grid electrodes made of? | show 🗑
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| grid electrodes are placed... | show 🗑
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| show | strip
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| show | ridged and flexible probes
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| show | depth (AKA intracerebral)
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| depth electrodes are normally made of ___ or MRI compatible metals such as___ | show 🗑
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| in this montage each electrode is referenced to an average of the electrodes directly surrounding it. | show 🗑
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| what are the benefits of laplacian reference montage? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. AEDs
2. ketogentic diet
3. VNS stimulator
4. surgical Tx
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| a special high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that helps to control seizures in some people with epilepsy. | show 🗑
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| the WADA test was names after? | show 🗑
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| this is performed during an angiography in interventional radiology to establish dominant hemisphere for language and memory. | show 🗑
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| WADA is also known as | show 🗑
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| the WADA test uses a ___ via catheter from the ____ | show 🗑
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| this procedure disconnects right and left hemispheres of the brain. | show 🗑
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| the corpus collosotomy is most useful for what type of seizures? | show 🗑
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| show | lennox-gastaut syndrome
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| this is designed to prevent seizures by sending regular, mild pulses of electrical energy to the brain via the vagus nerve | show 🗑
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| show | under the skin on the chest wall and a wire runs from it to the vagus nerve in the neck.
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| show | vagus nerve
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| show | laplacian ref
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| show | brevital
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| what percentage of the population is left hemisphere dominant? | show 🗑
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| show | electrocorticography (ECOG)
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| ECOG is useful for ? | show 🗑
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| show | 1-70 Hz
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| default sensitivity for ECOG | show 🗑
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| show | direct cortical stimulation
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| 2 methods used to stop after discharges during direct cortical stim? | show 🗑
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| show | 0-20mA
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| show | 0.1-0.3 ms
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| show | 50 Hz
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| show | 1-0 seconds
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| show | 2-5 mA
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| threshold language during direct cortical stim | show 🗑
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| first line AED Tx for an absense sz? | show 🗑
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| show | ACTH
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| partial sz's | show 🗑
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| JME | show 🗑
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| slow rolling eye movements, V waves, waxing and waning of PDR and increased theta describes what stage of sleep? | show 🗑
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| sleep spindles, k complex, dominant theta describes what stage sleep? | show 🗑
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| mentally restorative, 20% or greater delta in BG, possible beta superimposed on delta describes what stage of sleep? | show 🗑
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| physically restorative, atonia sawtooth waves, irregular respiration, irrgular HR, rapid eye movement, mix frequencies describes what stage of sleep | show 🗑
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| show | cataplexy
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| a chronic sleep disorder causing excessive daytime drowsiness and sleep | show 🗑
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| show | onset REM (within 5 minutes of sleep)
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| show | 70-75%
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| frequency of sleep spindles | show 🗑
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| described as very low or suppressed muscle tone | show 🗑
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| show | cheyne-stokes respiration
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| show | 30 seconds to 2 minutes
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| cheyne-stokes respiration is associated with ___ ___ apnea | show 🗑
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| show | central sleep apnea
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| BAER = | show 🗑
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| true of false. a BAER may be used for an ECI recording? | show 🗑
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| show | no outcome value
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| if there is only a wave 3 response during a BAER, recording for ECI , this indicates | show 🗑
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| this states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. | show 🗑
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| medical professionals are obligated to 2 things in regards to patient welfare? | show 🗑
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| show | kindling
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| defined as the inability to process sensory information, typically with loss of ability to recognized objects, persons, shapes, smells or sounds. | show 🗑
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| when a patient is suffering from agnosia, specific sense is ___ ___ | show 🗑
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| agnosia is associated with brain injury or neurological illness, such as stroke or dementia, specifically to what areas of the brain? | show 🗑
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| defined as the loss of sense of smell; inability to perceive odor or a lack of functioning olfaction | show 🗑
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| this can be caused by allergies, cold, nasal polyps, meningitis, neurosyphilis, brain injury affecting the olfactory nerve or neurodegenerative diseases. | show 🗑
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| show | apraxia
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| show | posterior parietal cortex
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| show | ataxia
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| show | cerebellum
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| defined as a condition in which the person maintains consciousness / awareness, but the body and most of the facial muscles are paralyzed and the ability to perform certain eye movements is preserved. | show 🗑
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| what area of the brain is injured in a patient experiencing locked- in syndrome? | show 🗑
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| periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges is now known as | show 🗑
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| show | 1. stroke
2. herpes simplex
3. encephalitis
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| show | BiPDs - bilateral periodic discharges
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| main clinical significance seen in BiPDs? | show 🗑
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| GPEDs is now known as | show 🗑
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| main clinical significance seen with GPDs | show 🗑
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| show | GRDA - generalized rhythmic delta activity, frontally predominant
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| main clinical significance seen in GRDA | show 🗑
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| show | SI - stimulus induced
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| main clinical significance of SI | show 🗑
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| triphasic waves are now known as | show 🗑
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| show | 1. metabolic encephalopathy
2. hepatic encephalopathy
3. CJD
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| show | regional attenuation without delta
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| show | distinctive EEG pattern that can aid in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS)
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| RDA - | show 🗑
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| show | sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
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| show | mitochondiral encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes
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| show | DNA mutation
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| MELAS is considered a rare form of | show 🗑
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| show | seizures
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| ESES - | show 🗑
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| what is ESES commonly associated with? | show 🗑
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| show | Rasmussens syndrome / encephalitis
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| show | 1. sz
2. loss of motor / speech skill
3. hemiparesis (contralateral)
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| show | mirror focus
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| show | coup
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| a head injury in which the brain is injured due to rebound on the skull is considered | show 🗑
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| defined as a brief period of temporary paralysis following a sz | show 🗑
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| show | 30 minutes to 36 hour, speech and vision
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| most common syndrome seen with Hypsarrhythmia | show 🗑
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| show | because 25-35% of unresponsive and coma patients are experiencing NCSE
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| according to the ACNS guidelines, how long should patients in the ICU be recorded on cEEG to rule out NCSE? | show 🗑
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| show | millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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| normal intracranial pressure for a resting adult in supine position | show 🗑
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| at what intracranial pressure is it needed to treat? | show 🗑
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| sustained intracranial pressure > 28 mmHg correlates with what EEG pattern? | show 🗑
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| show | via a catheter inserted through the lateral ventricle , allowing CSF to drain
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| glasgow coma scale | show 🗑
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| show |
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| neonatal EEG sleep- wake cycle duration? | show 🗑
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| quiet and active sleep both present as early as ? | show 🗑
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| show | 1
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| prognostically uncertain; nonreactive diffuse delta, describes what coma grade | show 🗑
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| show | 3
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| show | 4
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| show | 5
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