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| show | 2
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| show | False
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| According to CDC and joint commission, When hands are not visibly dirty, _____ are the preferred method for cleaning your hands in the healthcare setting | show 🗑
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| according to joint commission patients most at risk for mix up in identification during an invasive procedure are those that involve ? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. pre-procedure verification
2. site marking
3. time-out procedures
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| this is one of the 3 components of universal protocol for invasive procedures and is an ongoing process of information gathering and confirmation. | show 🗑
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| show | site marking
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| show | the one who knows most about the patient.
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| during the site marking process of universal protocol for invasive procedures, what patients or situations may an alternative method be used? | show 🗑
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| this is the final assessment to correctly identify the patient, site and procedure, where all activities are suspended, allowing those involved to communicate. | show 🗑
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| show | safety data sheets (SDS)
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| OSHA requires chemical manufacturers, distributors, or importers to provide___ for each hazardous chemical they produce or import to communicate the hazards of hazardous chemical products | show 🗑
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| With the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, Congress created the this to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance. | show 🗑
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| defined as a sudden, involuntary time limited alteration in behavior, including a change in motor activity, autonomic function, consciousness or sensation, accompanied by abnormal electrical activity in the brain. | show 🗑
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| to be Dx as epilepsy a patient must have these 2 characteristics? | show 🗑
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| show | partial / focal and generalized
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| 2 classifications of partial / focal seizures | show 🗑
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| 6 classification of generalized seizures | show 🗑
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| show | aura
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| an aura can be helpful in determining ? | show 🗑
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| 8 varieties of aura? | show 🗑
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| this type of seizure is conceptualized as originating at some point within, and rapidly engaging, bilaterally distributed networks. | show 🗑
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| these types of seizures are conceptualized as originating within networks limited to one hemisphere | show 🗑
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| show | 1. typical
2. atypical
3. wtih eyelid myoclonia
4. myoclonic
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| this type of seizure is a generalized seizure with abrupt onset and offset of altered awareness which can vary in severity. Clonic movements of eyelids, head, eyebrows, chin, perioral or other facial parts may occur, most typically at 3Hz | show 🗑
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| Rhythmic myoclonic jerks of the shoulders & arms with tonic abduction that results in progressive lifting of the arms. jerks are typically bilateral. lasts 10-60 seconds and typically occur daily describes what type of sz? | show 🗑
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| seizures accompanied by brief, repetitive, often rhythmic, fast (4-6 Hz) myoclonic jerks of the eyelids with simultaneous upward deviation of the eyeballs and extension of the head describes what type of sz? | show 🗑
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| this type of absence sz has less abrupt onset / offset of loss of awareness, and may be minimal with continuing activity, associated with loss of muscle tone and subtle myoclonic jerks. | show 🗑
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| EEG pattern seen with typical absence sz? | show 🗑
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| EEG seen with myoclonic absence sz? | show 🗑
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| EEG in this type of sz shows high amplitude generalized 3-6 Hz spike / polyspike and wave triggered by eye closure and intermittent photic stim | show 🗑
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| atypical absence EEG shows? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. tonic
2. clonic
3. tonic - clonic
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| EEG shows ___ during the tonic sz? | show 🗑
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| show | spike and wave burst synchronous with clonic jerks.
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| Aura's can either be ___ or ___ | show 🗑
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| show | 1. somatosensory
2. visual
3. auditory
4. olfactory
5. gustotory
6. epigastric (abdominal)
7. Cephalic
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| show | 1. affective
2. mnemonic
3. hallucinatory
4. illusory
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| show | somatosensory, sensorimotor cortex.
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| sensory aura described as elementary hallucinations such as flashing or flickering lights, spots or other shapes, simple patterns, scotomata, or amaurosis. these aura's arise in ___ | show 🗑
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| show | auditory, auditory cortex (lateral superior temporal lobe)
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| show | olfactory, mesial temporal or orbitofrontal regions
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| sensory aura described as upper abdominal phenomena including discomfort, emptiness, tightness, churning and a sensation that may rise up to the chest or throat. arises in ___ | show 🗑
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| sensory aura described as a sensation in the head such as light-headedness or headache. | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as phenomena such as fear, depression, joy and anger. | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as memory phenomena such as feelings of familiarity (déjà vu) and unfamiliarity (jamais vu). | show 🗑
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| experiential (psychic) aura described as complex sensory phenomena that may involve visual (e.g. formed images), auditory (e.g. hearing voices) or other sensory modalities, without change in awareness. | show 🗑
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| show | illusory
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| what separates the sensory aura's of visual and auditory from visual and auditory experiential aura's? | show 🗑
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| bilaterally increased tone of the limbs typically lasting seconds to a minute. They often occur out of sleep and in runs of varying intensity, clinically describes what type of sz? | show 🗑
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| show | atonic
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| show | atonic
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| 3 types of myoclonic sz | show 🗑
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| show | myoclonic
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| show | myoclonic jerk correlates with a generalized spike-and-wave or polyspike-and-wave.
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| show | negative myoclonic sz
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| negative myoclonus show what on EEG? | show 🗑
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| described as myoclonic seizure followed by an atonic seizure. | show 🗑
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| show | Myoclonic component is associated with a generalized spike or polyspike. The atonic component is associated with the after going high voltage slow wave.
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| focal seizues | show 🗑
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| show | 1. hypermotor
2. negative - motor
3. automatism
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| show | hypermotor
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| show | elementary
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| show | elementary and complex
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| 2 ways the international league against epilepsy defines seizures types (classifies seizures) | show 🗑
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| defined as a set of brief, unconscious behaviors of purposeless and repetitive movement associated with impaired awareness | show 🗑
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| show | frontal lobe
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| show | temporal lobe
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| defined as a seizure or series of seizures that continue for at lest 5 minutes without return of consciousness between seizures, and considered a medical emergency | show 🗑
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| show | non-epileptic events
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| defined as epilepsy syndromes with specific age related onset, clinical and electrographic characteristics, and presumed genetic mechanism | show 🗑
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| a seizure caused secondarily by a previously known or suspected CNS disorder | show 🗑
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| an ictal EEG is ... | show 🗑
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| show | time in between the event
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| show | the period of time immediately following an event
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| what is the frequency and duration of a slow wave? | show 🗑
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| what is the frequency and duration of a sharp wave? | show 🗑
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| what is the frequency and duration of a spike wave? | show 🗑
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| show | broca's area
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| show | wernicke's area
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| show | transverse temporal gyrus
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| show | 1. processes related to language
2. number processing
3. spatial recognition
4. memory retrieval
5. attention
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| this is located deep within lateral fissure between temporal and frontal lobes. its function is perception, motor control, self awareness, interpersonal experience, regulation of homeostasis, consciousness, and emotion. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. hippocampus
2. amygdala
3. anterior thalamic nuclei
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| functions of the limbic system | show 🗑
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| show | frontal lobe
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| show | contralateral frontal lobe
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| show | supplementary motor cortex
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| a patient display abnormal taste sensation. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | insular - orbital frontal cortex
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| a patient displays olfactory hallucinations. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | amygdala, opercular region
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| a patient displays complex automatic behaviorisms. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| a patient displays visual hallucinations (formed images) what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| a patient displays localized sensory disturbances, such as tingling or numbness of limb. what area of the brain might this be coming from? | show 🗑
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| show | occipital lobe
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| show | posterior fossa
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| show | posterior fossa
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| most common pediatric tumor? | show 🗑
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| show | MRI
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| this is used in MRI and is a 3D modeling technique used to visually represent neural tracts using data collected by diffusion tensor imaging. | show 🗑
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| purpose of tractography | show 🗑
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| this neuroimaging test measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow, to help map sensory, motor and language | show 🗑
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| show | PET - positron emission tomography
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| show | FDG - fluorodeoxyglucose
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| show | 1. glucose metabolism
2. HYPOmetabolism
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| this neuroimaging test measures blood flow and shows function of organs as well as hypoperfusion | show 🗑
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| show | MEG - magneto-encephalography
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| MEG has the ability to map? | show 🗑
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| primary notable difference between fMRI and MEG? | show 🗑
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| this phase of the EMU uses surface electrodes, using the expanded international 10-20 system | show 🗑
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| this phase of the EMU uses intracranial electrodes for surgical candidates | show 🗑
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| show | phase 3
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| 3 types of intracranial electrodes | show 🗑
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| how are depth and strip electrodes placed | show 🗑
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| show | via craniotomy
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| show | 1/3 the distance anterior to the auditory canal and outer canthus of the eye and 1 cm above the auditory canal.
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| sphenoidal electrode record what area of the brain? | show 🗑
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| surface electrodes are made of ___ and are typically placed using the ___ system | show 🗑
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| show | fine flexible braided stainless steel wire, insulated at the tip
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| what are grid electrodes made of? | show 🗑
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| grid electrodes are placed... | show 🗑
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| show | strip
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| 2 major types of depth electrodes | show 🗑
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| these electrodes record from within the brain | show 🗑
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| depth electrodes are normally made of ___ or MRI compatible metals such as___ | show 🗑
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| in this montage each electrode is referenced to an average of the electrodes directly surrounding it. | show 🗑
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| what are the benefits of laplacian reference montage? | show 🗑
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| 4 treatment option for epilepsy? | show 🗑
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| show | ketogenic diet
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| show | Juhn Wada
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| this is performed during an angiography in interventional radiology to establish dominant hemisphere for language and memory. | show 🗑
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| show | intracarotid sodium amobarbital test (ISAT)
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| show | barbiturate, femoral artery
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| show | corpus callostomy
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| the corpus collosotomy is most useful for what type of seizures? | show 🗑
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| show | lennox-gastaut syndrome
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| this is designed to prevent seizures by sending regular, mild pulses of electrical energy to the brain via the vagus nerve | show 🗑
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| where is the VNS placed | show 🗑
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| this is part of the autonomic nervous system, which controls functions of the body that are not under voluntary control, such as the heart rate. | show 🗑
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| spike and seizure detection is best managed using what montage? | show 🗑
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| show | brevital
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| what percentage of the population is left hemisphere dominant? | show 🗑
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| a type of electrophysiological monitoring that uses electrodes placed directly on the exposed surface of the brain to record electrical activity from the cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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| ECOG is useful for ? | show 🗑
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| recommended bandpass for ECOG | show 🗑
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| show | 70-100 uV
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| considered the gold standard to define eloquent cortex? | show 🗑
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| 2 methods used to stop after discharges during direct cortical stim? | show 🗑
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| intensity range of direct cortical stim? | show 🗑
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| stimulation duration of direct cortical stim? | show 🗑
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| stimulation rate of direct cortical stim? | show 🗑
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| show | 1-0 seconds
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| threshold motor cortex during direct cortical stim | show 🗑
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| show | 5-15 mA
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| show | ethosuximide
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| infantile spasms | show 🗑
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| partial sz's | show 🗑
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| show | valproic acid
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| show | 1
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| show | 2
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| show | stage 3, slow wave sleep (3-4 combined now to just 3)
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| physically restorative, atonia sawtooth waves, irregular respiration, irrgular HR, rapid eye movement, mix frequencies describes what stage of sleep | show 🗑
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| show | cataplexy
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| show | narcolepsy
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| EEG in narcolepsy | show 🗑
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| show | 70-75%
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| frequency of sleep spindles | show 🗑
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| described as very low or suppressed muscle tone | show 🗑
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| this is abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary apnea | show 🗑
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| in cheyne-stokes respiration, the pattern repeats, with each cycle taking ___ to ___ | show 🗑
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| show | central sleep
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| a disorder in which your breathing repeatedly stops and starts during sleep because your brain doesn't send proper signals to the muscles that control your breathing | show 🗑
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| show | brainstem auditory evoked response
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| show | true
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| show | no outcome value
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| show | poor prognosis
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| this states that researchers should have the welfare of the research participant as a goal of any clinical trial or other research study. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. weigh possible benefits vs possible risks of an action
2. prevent and remove harm in a situation
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| this is a commonly used model for the development of seizures and epilepsy in which the duration and behavioral involvement of induced seizures increases after seizures are induced repeatedly. | show 🗑
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| defined as the inability to process sensory information, typically with loss of ability to recognized objects, persons, shapes, smells or sounds. | show 🗑
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| show | not defective
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| agnosia is associated with brain injury or neurological illness, such as stroke or dementia, specifically to what areas of the brain? | show 🗑
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| show | anosmia
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| this can be caused by allergies, cold, nasal polyps, meningitis, neurosyphilis, brain injury affecting the olfactory nerve or neurodegenerative diseases. | show 🗑
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| this is caused by an injury to the brain, and is defined as the inability to execute a voluntary or purposeful motor movement despite being able to demonstrate normal muscle function. | show 🗑
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| show | posterior parietal cortex
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| this is related to a dysfuntion of the nervous system and is defined as a lack of voluntary coordination of muscle movements that includes gait abnormality | show 🗑
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| show | cerebellum
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| show | locked- in syndrome
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| show | brainstem
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| show | LPDs (lateralized periodic discharges)
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| show | 1. stroke
2. herpes simplex
3. encephalitis
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| BiPLEDs is now known as | show 🗑
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| show | hypoxic encephalopathy
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| show | GPDs - generalized periodic discharges
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| main clinical significance seen with GPDs | show 🗑
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| FIRDA is now known as | show 🗑
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| show | metabolic encephalopathy
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| show | SI - stimulus induced
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| main clinical significance of SI | show 🗑
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| triphasic waves are now known as | show 🗑
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| show | 1. metabolic encephalopathy
2. hepatic encephalopathy
3. CJD
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| show | regional attenuation without delta
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| show | distinctive EEG pattern that can aid in the diagnosis and management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS)
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| RDA - | show 🗑
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| show | sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
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| MELAS - | show 🗑
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| show | DNA mutation
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| show | dementia
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| show | seizures
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| show | electrical status epilepticus of sleep
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| show | LKS - landau - kleffner syndrome
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| a rare inflammatory neurological disease that affects on hemisphere of the brain | show 🗑
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| show | 1. sz
2. loss of motor / speech skill
3. hemiparesis (contralateral)
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| this is considered a secondary epileptogenic foci, in which the spike focus is in the collateral hemisphere, transferred via corpus callosum, with a slight delay between hemispheres | show 🗑
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| show | coup
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| show | counter-coup
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| show | todd's paralysis
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| todd's paralyssis can last ___ and may affect ___ and ___ | show 🗑
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| most common syndrome seen with Hypsarrhythmia | show 🗑
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| why is it important to do cEEG in the ICU? | show 🗑
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| according to the ACNS guidelines, how long should patients in the ICU be recorded on cEEG to rule out NCSE? | show 🗑
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| show | millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
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| show | 7-15 mmHg
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| at what intracranial pressure is it needed to treat? | show 🗑
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| show | burst suppression
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| show | via a catheter inserted through the lateral ventricle , allowing CSF to drain
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| show |
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| show |
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| show | 60 minutes
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| quiet and active sleep both present as early as ? | show 🗑
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| favorable outcome; normal sleep features with frontal monorhythmic delta, describes what coma grade | show 🗑
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| show | 2
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| show | 3
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| poor outcome; burst suppression pattern, in particular when epileptiform discharges are seen with low output EEG, describes what coma grade | show 🗑
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| fatal outcome; isoelectric EEG or non reactive alpha coma, describes what coma grade | show 🗑
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