cava bio 204 s1.d24 2.13 Complex Carbohydrates
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| poly- = prefix meaning '[...]' | poly- = prefix meaning 'many'
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| [-ides] are made up of many simple carbohydrate molecules linked together. | polysaccharides are made up of many simple carbohydrate molecules linked together.
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| Another word for polysaccharides is '[...] carbohydrates'... this is really more of a term from the dieting world than from biology. | Another word for polysaccharides is 'complex carbohydrates'... this is really more of a term from the dieting world than from biology.
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| Animals store a limited amount of carbohydrates is the liver and in muscles as a polysaccharide called [...]. (glyco-, glucose; -gen, generating: glucose can be generated from it) | Animals store a limited amount of carbohydrates is the liver and in muscles as a polysaccharide called glycogen. (glyco-, glucose; -gen, generating: glucose can be generated from it)
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| The main energy storage molecule of plants is [...]; a very large polysaccharide made from hundreds of glucose molecules. | The main energy storage molecule of plants is starch; a very large polysaccharide made from hundreds of glucose molecules.
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| The largest starch molecule is [....] starch. | The largest starch molecule is potato starch.
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| Digestible starch is broken down to pure [...] in the body. | Digestible starch is broken down to pure glucose in the body.
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| The more [...] a starch molecule has, the easier it is to digest, because digestive enzymes work on the [...]-ends. | The more branches a starch molecule has, the easier it is to digest, because digestive enzymes work on the branch-ends.
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| [-ase] is an enzyme you use to break down starch. (specifically, a component of starches called 'amylose') | Amylase is an enzyme you use to break down starch. (specifically, a component of starches called 'amylose')
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| In biology, the '-[...]' ending is used for enzymes. | In biology, the '-ase' ending is used for enzymes.
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| In biology, must sugars get an '-[...]' ending. | In biology, must sugars get an '-ose' ending.
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| [-ose] is the main component of wood, paper, cotton and cardboard. | Cellulose is the main component of wood, paper, cotton and cardboard.
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| The [....] molecules in cellulose are bonded together in a different way compared to starch. This special bond is much harder to break down. | The glucose molecules in cellulose are bonded together in a different way compared to starch. This special bond is much harder to break down.
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| Only certain bacteria and fungi produce enzymes that break down [-ose]. This is why cows have that special 4-chambered stomach... inside their stomach are bacteria that break down the [-ose] in the grass they eat. | Only certain bacteria and fungi produce enzymes that break down cellulose. This is why cows have that special 4-chambered stomach... inside their stomach are bacteria that break down the cellulose in the grass they eat.
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| NO animals can digest cellulose, but many animals harbor beneficial [...] in their guts that CAN digest cellulose. | NO animals can digest cellulose, but many animals harbor beneficial bacteria in their guts that CAN digest cellulose.
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| The cellulose-digesting bacteria in cows and other animals generally produce short-chain fatty acids, which they share with their hosts. One of the common fatty acids is butyrate, which is common in [...]. | The cellulose-digesting bacteria in cows and other animals generally produce short-chain fatty acids, which they share with their hosts. One of the common fatty acids is butyrate, which is common in butter.
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| Glycogen differs from starch in being a more highly [-ed] molecule. | Glycogen differs from starch in being a more highly branched molecule.
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| Animals do not store much of their energy in carbohydrate form (as glycogen) because for the same amount of energy, carbohydrates are generally larger and more than twice as [...]. | Animals do not store much of their energy in carbohydrate form (as glycogen) because for the same amount of energy, carbohydrates are generally larger and more than twice as heavy.
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| Factoid: In the forests of Costa Rica lives a cecropia tree, which is unique among all the plants on earth: It produces [...], which it feeds to ants. | Factoid: In the forests of Costa Rica lives a cecropia tree, which is unique among all the plants on earth: It produces glycogen, which it feeds to ants.
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