Sanskrit Glossary Terms - Online PSM Teacher Training
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| Gyana | Yoga of understanding / knowledge / science / self-reflection
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| Bhakti | Yoga of love and devotion
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| Karma | Yoga of action / selfless service
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| Raja | Yoga of techniques / meditation / royal path
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| Three Gunas | That which binds / fundamental quality or property
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| Sattva | Creation / purity / goodness
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| Rajas | Maintenance / transformation / active / excited
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| Tamas | Dissolution / resistance / heavy / dull
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| Yama | Rules of social behavior
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| Niyama | Rules of personal behavior
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| Asana | Seat or position / physical postures / yogic postures
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| Pranayama | Mastering the life force / breath exercises
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| Pratyahara | Directing the senses inward to become aware of the subtle senses
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| Dharana | Mastery of attention and intention
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| Dhyana | Development of witnessing awareness
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| Samadhi | The state of being settled in pure, unbounded awareness
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| Ahimsa | Non-violence
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| Satya | Truthfulness
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| Brahmacharya | Appropriate sexual control
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| Asteya | Honesty
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| Aparigraha | Non-attachment
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| Shoucha | Purity
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| Santosha | Contentment
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| Tapas | Discipline
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| Svadhyaya | Spiritual exploration
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| Ishwara-Pranidhana | Surrender to the divine
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| Chakras | Junction points between consciousness and the body / Energy wheel or center
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| Muladhara | Root chakra
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| Svadhisthana | Creativity chakra
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| Manipura | Energy chakra
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| Anahata | Heart chakra
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| Vishuddha | Expression chakra
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| Ajna | Intuition chakra
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| Sahasrara | Consciousness chakra
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| Mahavakyas | Great sayings or pronouncement. Spoken by a Guru, to create a shift in consciousness of the student
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| Aham Brahmasmi | I am Brahman (Who I really am is absolute reality)
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| Ayam Atma Brahm | Atman and Brahman are the same (the individual Self is one and the same with the absolute)
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| Prajnanam Brahm | Brahman is the supreme knowledge (knowing the absolute reality is the supreme knowledge)
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| Tat Tvam Asi | That is what you are (that absolute reality is the essence of what you really are)
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| Nadi | Subtle channel through which energy flows to all areas of the body. According to Ayurveda, we each have 72,000 nadis of which there are three main ones
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| Sushumna Nadi | Runs through center of spine, channel through which Kundalini rises
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| Pingala (Surya) Nadi | Sun channel, lies to the right of the Sushumna, carries the vital force
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| Ida (Chandra) Nadi | Moon channel, lies to the left of the Sushumna, carries the mental force
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| Annamaya Kosha | Layer of illusion derived from food
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| Pranamaya Kosha | Layer of illusion of biological energy
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| Manomaya Kosha | Layer of illusion of the mind
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| Buddhimaya Kosha | Layer of illusion of the intellect
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| Ahankara | Ego
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| Brahman | Divine Spirit / pure consciousness / beyond space and time without beginning or without end
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| Jagrat | Waking
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| Swapn | Dreaming
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| Sushupti | Deep sleep
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| Turiya | Transcendental
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| Turiyatit | Cosmic Consciousness
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| Bhagavad | Divine Consciousness
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| Brahmananda | Unified Consciousness
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| Karma | Action, consequences of previous actions
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| Sanskara | Seeds of memory, impressions of tendencies stored from past actions
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| Vasana | Seeds of desire
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| Nistraigunyo bhavarjuna | "Go beyond the three gunas, Arjuna"
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| Sat Chit Ananda | Purity Consciousness Bliss
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| Om Tat Sat | That alone is Real
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| Yogastha Kuru Karmani | "Established in Being, perform action" - this is the essence of the teachings in the Bhagavad Gita
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| Yoga Chitta Vritti Nirodha | "Yoga is quieting the fluctuations or the mind"
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| Advaita | Non-dualism
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| Adi | First
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| Adi Shankara | Great saint from the 7th century, commentator of Vedanta. Led revival of Hinduism and established the Shankaracharya monasteries
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| Agni | Fire, digestive fire, one of the ancient Vedic deities
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| Amma | Mother, mother goddess
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| Amrit | Nectar of immortality
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| Ananda | Bliss
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| Ashram | Retreat center, hermitage
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| Atman | Soul
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| Aura | Luminous radiation, field of subtle energy surrounding the physical body
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| Avatar | Direct incarnation of God
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| Ayurveda | Science of life, mind-body health systems
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| Bandha | To hold, lock or embrace
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| Bhagavad Gita | Epic poem of eighteen chapters
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| Bhajan | Devotional hymn
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| Bija | Seed
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| Bindu | Spot, symbol for the universe in its unmanifest form
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| Brahma | The Creator of the Universe
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| Brahman | The Absolute, totality, all there is
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| Brahmin | Highest of the Indian castes
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| Chaitanya | Consciousness
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| Deva / Devi | God / Goddess
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| Dharma | Purpose in life
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| Darshan | To see or be in the presence of a holy person or deity
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| Guru | Dispeller of darkness, great teacher
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| Jai | Salutation, glory or victory to. Proceeds the name of the person being honored
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| Japa | Repetition of a mantra for a specific number of times
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| Ji | Suffix, added to the end of the name of a person being honored or respected
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| Jiva | Personal soul, the embodied soul which identifies itself with the mind and body
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| Jyoti | Light
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| Jyotish | Vedic science of astrology
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| Kundalini | Spiritual energy lying dormant at the base of the spine which, when awakened, rises to the crown chakra
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| Lingam | Elliptical shape, symbol of the unmanifest form of Lord Shiva
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| Loka | Planes or worlds of existence vibrating at different frequencies
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| Maha | Great
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| Mahabhutas | Great elements
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| Mala | String of beads
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| Mantra | Instrument or vehicle of the mind, sound which protects and liberates
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| Maya | Illusion of the senses
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| Moksha | Freedom, liberation
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| Mudras | Positions of the eyes, hands, or body
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| Nada | Sound, energy manifested as sound
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| Nakshatra | Lunar constellations
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| Nama | Name
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| Namaha | Represents the self, curving back within itself to the unmanifest
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| Namaste | I bow to you - or - the divine light in me honors the divine light in you
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| Om (AUM) | Primordial sound from which all other sounds and mantras have emanated
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| Pada | Quadrant of the Nakshatra
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| Para | Beyond, the transcendental beyond which there is no other
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| Patanjali | Great saint, founder of the Yoga Philosophy which contains the Eight Limbs of Yoga
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| Prana | Life force of vital energy
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| Pranava | Primordial Sound
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| Prem | Love
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| Puja | Sacred ceremony
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| Pundit | Vedic Scholar / Vedic Priest
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| Purusha | Inner Self in the sense of personhood, Cosmic Person or the universe as a single Being
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| Rishi | Seer, one who sees the Truth, highly evolved person
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| Rudraksha | Seeds used for malas, sacred to Shiva
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| Sadhana | Performance of spiritual disciplines to take the practitioner towards an intended goal, usually enlightenment
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| Samsara | Cycle of birth and death
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| Sanskrit | The ancient sacred language of the Vedas
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| Satsang | Gathering of people seeking truth
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| Seva | Selfless service
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| Shakti | Dynamic creative principle, Primal Energy, envisioned as feminine
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| Shanti | Peace
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| Shiva | Unmanifest pure potentiality, the destructive and creative force behind the Universe. The first yogi
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| Siddhi | Yogic powers
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| Sutras | Threads or stitches, collection of statements with inner meanings
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| Swami | Title of respect for a learned or holy person
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| Tulsi | Indian Holy Basil tree. The wood is made into mala beads sacred to Vishnu, Rama and Krishna
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| Upanishads | Collection of 108 Vedic texts exploring higher states of consciousness
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| Vastu | Vedic science of architecture and interior design
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| Vedanta | The culmination of Vedic Wisdom
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| Vedas | The four holy books which are the foundation of Vedic understanding. Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda and Atharva Veda
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| Vedasya | Of the Vedas
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| Vishnu | Maintainer and harmonizing force of the Universe
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| Yagna (Yagya) | Ritual fire ceremony intended to evoke specific archetypal energies
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| Yantra | Geometric shape / a visual form of a mantra
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| Yatra | Pilgrimage
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| Yoga | Union of the environment, body, mind, soul, and spirit
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| Yuga | Four periods of time: Sat (golden), Treta, Dwapara, Kali (least evolved and present period)
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| Ama | Toxic residue which accumulates in the mind and body
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| Abhyanga | Oil massage
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| Dosha | Mind body constitution
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| Vata | Dosha responsible for movement (elements - space and air)
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| Pitta | Dosha responsible for metabolism, transformation (elements - fire and water)
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| Kapha | Dosha responsible for structure (elements - earth and water)
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| Prakruti | Nature or original doshic proportions
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| Vrikruti | Doshic imbalance
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| Dhatu | Bodily tissues
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| Mahabhutas | Great elements
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| Akasha | Space
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| Vayu | Air
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| Jala | Water
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| Prithivi | Earth
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| Marma | Junction points between consciousness and matter on the body
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| Panchakarma | The five purifying therapies
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| Ojas | Subtlest life essence, which exists at the junction of consciousness and matter, giving strength and vitality
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| Madhura | Sweet
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| Amla | Sour
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| Lavana | Salty
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| Tikta | Bitter
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| Kashya | Astringent
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| Katu | Pungent
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| Srota | Channel of circulation in the body
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| Tanmatras | Subtle elements, sense perceptions
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| Shabda | Sound
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| Sparsha | Touch
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| Rupa | Sight
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| Rasa | Taste
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| Gandha | Smell
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| Five Kleshas | Veils or coverings
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| Avidya | Mistaking the unreal for the real or ignorance
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| Asmita | Holding tightly to the concept of "I"
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| Raga | Attraction to pleasure
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| Dvesha | Aversion to pain
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| Abhinevesha | Fear of ending
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| Atman Darshan | Glimpsing the soul
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