DNA & RNA
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| 3 parts of an Operon | 1.operantor
2.repressor
3.regulator
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| define Nucleotide | subunit of nuelic acidsA subunit of DNA or RNA composed of a nitrogenous base, a phosphate molecule, and a pentose sugar molecule.
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| What moecule contains infor. which directs the operations of a cell? | DNA
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| 3 basic subunits of a nucleotide? | (1).Nitrogenous base
(2).5 carbon sugar,
(3) a phosphate
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| What 4 nitrogenous bases are found in DNA? | adenine,thymine,guanine,cytosine
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| Which nitrogenous bases are complements? | adiene,thymine
guanine,cytosine
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| 4 nitrogenous are found in RNA? | adenine,guanine,cystosine,uracil
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| 2 diffences in DNA and RNA | DNA-5carbon sugar,subunit 1 less O2 atom deoxgenribose,
adenine sugar
RNA,ribose not lacking any oxygen atoms,
uracil sugar
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| What molecule is resonpsible for the production of proteins in a cell? | tRNA
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| If you know the sequnce of bases on achain of nucleotided of DNA, will you know the sequence of bases on the other chain? | Yes because DNA has 2 strands and 1 strand is complentary
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| Why do we say the code for the control of the cell is written in triplets? | Because 3 condons make up 1 amino acids
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| Briefly describe the process by which DNA replicates itself? | Each new DNA molcule is made up of 1 old nuceotides and 1 new strand. DNA repliaction, because of certain proteins reprents direct that pross unwinding called helicase, DNA polymerase which adds to free nuelitides
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| The molcule responsible for the trasfere of infor from DNA to the ribosomes? | mRNA
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| Descibe how protiens are synthesized. | Protein formed by linking many amino acids together.
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| Does the DNA in your stomach diff form the DNA in your cells of skin? | No
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| Define operator | turn genes on
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| Distinguish between Repressor and regulators | 1.Repressor- acting DNA molecules by amolecule which combine with it. Regulator coded different segments DNA of a chromsome
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| helicase | an enyme that untwists the double helix of DNA at the replication forks
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| Polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of the new DNA at the rlication fork by the addition of nucleotides to the existing chains.
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| messenger RNA | Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code from the DNA in the chromosomes
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| nucleotide | the basic building block of nucleic acid. It consists of any one of four specific purine or pyrimidine bases attached to a ribose or deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group.
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| nucleic acids | the largest of the molecules in living organisms. It is composed of a chain of nucleotides that code for the synthesis of specific proteins. DNA and RNA are types of nucleic acid.
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| where is DNA located? | in the nucleus
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| what is proteins | any of a large number of organic molecules that are composed of one or more chains of amino acids.
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| replication (of DNA) | occurs during the rest period (interphase) at the outset of mitosis and meiosis by which a DNA molecule is duplicated or copied. One DNA molecule becomes two identical ones. This is accomplished by the DNA molecule unwinding and unzipping along its base
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| ribosomes | Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are assembled
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| RNA (ribonucleic acid ) | (ribonucleic acid )
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| tRNA | a form of RNA that binds to specific amino acid molecules and transports them to the ribosomes for the assembly of proteins. Transfer RNA molecules temporarily bond with corresponding messenger RNA codons at the ribosomes in this process of protein synt
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| ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | the RNA molecules that are located in the ribosomes.
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| Who dicover the structure of DNA? | Watson and Grick(1935
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| 3 fucntions of DNA | Replication,DNA synthesis,RNA synthesis, translation of protien synthesis
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| Structure of an nucleotide? | phosphoste group,5 carbon sugar,orangic base-uracil(nitrogen base
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| 3 kinds of RNA | mRNA,rRNA,,tRNA
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| 2 kinds of nuclitides and differents | RNA ,SUGAR, DNA- deoxribose
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| 5 differnet types of oraginic bases | adiene,urcil,cystone thamine,gaunine
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| 2 kinds of nuclici acid | (blank)
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| DNA is held together by | hydrogen bonds
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| petide bonds | chemical bond formed between two molecules when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule, releasing a molecule of water (H2O).
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| phophate sugar | back bone of DNA
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| what is Nitritengous base | purines
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| what is x-ray crystallgraphy | The application of high-powered beams of energy, often X-rays, to discern the shapes formed by a crystallized sample of molecules. This is the technique used by Watson and Crick to discover the double helix shape of DNA, and is still in use 50 years later
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| What is purines? | A nitrogen- containing, single ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the purines are adenine and guanine.
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| What is pyrimidines? | A nitrogen containing, double ring compound that occurs in nucleic acids. In DNA molecules, the pyrimidines are cytosine and thymine.
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| two kinds of nitrogen-containing bases | purines and pyrimidines
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| give examples of purines | adenine and guanine
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| give examples of pyrimidines | cytosine and thymine.
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| What are Complementary base pair | a pair of bases in which the identity of one base defines the identity of its partner base. E.g.: In a DNA molecule there are two complementary base pairs--Adenine and thymine, and guanine and cytosine.
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| function of a regulator | protein controls the structural genes.
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| funciton of repressor | A protein that binds to an operator adjacent to a structural gene, inhibiting transcription of that gene.
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| Operon | Sequence of genes responsible for synthesizing the enzymes needed for biosynthesis of a molecule. An operon is controlled by an operator gene and a repressor gene.
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| repressor | turn genes on off
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| operator | turn genes on
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| codon | a specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
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| anticodon | A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in tRNA designating a specific amino acid that binds to a corresponding codon in mRNA during protein synthesis.
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| Who was Jacob and Monod | coined the term messenger RNA gene expression
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| semiconservative replication | The normal process of DNA synthesis, in which the two original strands of the molecule separate, and each acts as a template on which a new complementary strand is laid down.
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