Ecology 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| What kind of species is intraspecific competition dealing with? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | When there are limited resources
🗑
|
||||
| show | Contests over resources
🗑
|
||||
| show | Yes - Takes time, energy, and can result in injury
🗑
|
||||
| show | They sting. It is costly because once they use one, they can not use it again.
🗑
|
||||
| show | First come first serve
🗑
|
||||
| Do indirectly competing individuals use resources separately or simultaneously? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is exploitation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Quickly, over time
🗑
|
||||
| show | Clumped
🗑
|
||||
| Which form of competition occurs when food is uniformly distributed, creating low contest potential? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Interference Competition
🗑
|
||||
| show | Matches the number of competitors to the amount of resources
🗑
|
||||
| show | All individuals can accurately asses resource amount
🗑
|
||||
| show | Animals can move freely from one patch to another
🗑
|
||||
| Tests of Ideal Free Distribution (IFD) - Sticklebacks. Explain this experiment. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Between members of different species
🗑
|
||||
| show | When the two are equal
🗑
|
||||
| When there is interspecific competion, there is a _____ to both species. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Biotic and abiotic conditions that predict where a species may live (Where it SHOULD live)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Where a species ACTUALLY lives
🗑
|
||||
| Which niche, fundamental or realized, do we use with scientific data? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Warblers in a tree. Can have different species at different heights who each eat a different kind of food. (See also: anoles, algal species)
🗑
|
||||
| What does the Competitive Exclusion principle state? | show 🗑
|
||||
| When testing for competitive exclusion, what do you do to determine if one species would "win" | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Cthalamus spread: It was being confined to the upper rocks because of balanus
🗑
|
||||
| show | The realized niche is smaller than the fundamental niche.
🗑
|
||||
| With ecological models, if you hold some variables constant and manipulate other variables, what can you predict? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | You can compare the actual data to a model to 'fit' it, and then you can make adjustments
🗑
|
||||
| show | Both species will exist
🗑
|
||||
| show | One will drive the other to extinction
🗑
|
||||
| show | Different rodents who ate different things were used. Placed in exclusion plots. They removed different species to see what would happen.
🗑
|
||||
| In the Competition Experiment dealing with rodent granivores, what happens to the pocket mice and grasshopper mice if you remove the kangaroo rats? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Kangaroo rats, under normal conditions, outcompete pocket mice. (Similar to the barnacle experiment)
🗑
|
||||
| Character displacement: What does niche divergence do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Where one species can exist alone
🗑
|
||||
| What is an area of sympatry? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Two species will be more dissimilar in areas of _____ than areas of _____. | show 🗑
|
||||
| Why would two species be more dissimilar in areas of sympatry than areas of allopatry? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is a classic example of character displacement? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Sexual competition
🗑
|
||||
| show | They are about the same size.
🗑
|
||||
| show | One species is much smaller than the other species.
🗑
|
||||
| What are four different kinds of exploitation? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do parasitoids do to another species? (2) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | To benefit the reproduction of the parasitoid.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Movement patterns (Ex: make it move to water, climb upwards, or stay still)
🗑
|
||||
| show | It can affect the host plant choice so foraging behavior will benefit the parasitoid.
🗑
|
||||
| Parasitoids can use viruses - what is an example? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | in ovaries
🗑
|
||||
| show | Brain swelling (It affects body guarding behavior)
🗑
|
||||
| show | Those who are not sexually mature
🗑
|
||||
| What is a sex-linked example of the effects of parasitoidism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It alters the behavior of the parasitoid host
🗑
|
||||
| show | Prey
🗑
|
||||
| What are three things the Lotka Volterra equations show? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lotka Volterra: What does the x axis represent? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Lotka Volterra: What does the y axis represent? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The time it takes to capture, manipulate, and process food
🗑
|
||||
| What is Refugia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is immigration? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do cicadas seek refuge in? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is masting? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What "natural disaster" can be required for refugia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How does size help animals with refugia? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Each adapts to changes in the other
🗑
|
||||
| show | Interactions between individuals of different species that benefits both individuals
🗑
|
||||
| show | Falcultative or obligate
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of a three way mutualism? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Mitochondria and chloroplasts
🗑
|
||||
| show | When the fitness of individuals that engage in mutualism is greater than individuals that don't
🗑
|
||||
| What are three different organisms that share mutualisms with plants? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An area around a root that is inhabited by a unique population of microorganisms
🗑
|
||||
| What percent of species have mycorrhizal associations? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Phosphorous
🗑
|
||||
| What inorganic nutrient is temperate limited by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It is able to obtain more inorganic nutrients
🗑
|
||||
| show | It obtains sugars
🗑
|
||||
| show | Inside plant cells (Endo)
🗑
|
||||
| Where is Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM) found? | show 🗑
|
||||
| For ectomycorrhizal fungi, what does more hyphae equal? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It is the area around the mycorrhizal fungi where nutrients are released
🗑
|
||||
| What is increased near the mycorrhizosphere? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Mycorrhizal Fungi: What do you see with rich soils? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Less shoot, more root. More associations.
🗑
|
||||
| What is AMF's role in ecological restoration? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Tree has thorns that ants libe in. Tree has nectaries for food that ants eat. Ants protect the tree from herbivores. ALSO caterpillars - secrete a sugary substance for ants to eat so they can feed on the tree.
🗑
|
||||
| Coral Mutualisms: Corals and Crustaceans: What does the crustacean do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Coral Mutualisms: Corals and Crustaceans: What does the coral provide? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Unwanted things will grow on the coral in the absence of mucus such as algae and tunicates
🗑
|
||||
| show | All the species that interact with one another in a given area.
🗑
|
||||
| What three things does community structure describe? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Organisms that all obtain their energy in a similar manner
🗑
|
||||
| What are some examples of guilds? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What would you NOT have a guild of? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It is a grouping of organisms based on their plant growth and development.
🗑
|
||||
| What are four examples of life forms? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do life forms indicate? (4) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | evolutionary history, energy transfers
🗑
|
||||
| What can diatom life forms and ecological guilds be used for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | By size and shape
🗑
|
||||
| What is an indicator species? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are stalked diatoms sensitive to? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do mucus tubule diatoms do when pesticides are present? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Log normal distribution (looks like a bell shaped curve)
🗑
|
||||
| What do food webs impact? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What do food webs show? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is interaction strength? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Take away the lynx to see the effect. If the hare population booms, then it was a strong interaction. You remove the interactor.
🗑
|
||||
| show | physical or chemical properties on primary production such as temperature and nutrients
🗑
|
||||
| show | Primary production influences other trophic levels. Moves from the bottom up. Literally.
🗑
|
||||
| What is a top down control in terms of trophic levels? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What are top-down controls also known as? | show 🗑
|
||||
| How do you detect the effects of secondary consumers on an ecosystem? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens if primary producers decrease? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is biomass? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is compensatory growth? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Most compensatory growth
🗑
|
||||
| A keystone species is like the critical piece in an arch. What happens if you remove it? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What kind of biodiversity does a kelp forest have? (low, moderate, high) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Generate heat. They have a fast metabolism so they eat a lot. They can eat urchins.
🗑
|
||||
| show | They feed on dead stuff and plants. They love kelp and destroy kelp forests quickly by either eating the whole kelp or weakening the bases
🗑
|
||||
| show | Urchins decrease, Kelp increases, overall biodiversity increases.
🗑
|
||||
| Community: Urchins, Sea Otters, and Kelp: Who is the keystone species in this example? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Gopher tortoise, Ficus trees.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens if you remove any top predator? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | An increase in species richness.
🗑
|
||||
| show | An introduced species that is non-native that has a negative effect on native species.
🗑
|
||||
| show | A sudden change in an abiotic factor that causes a change in the community.
🗑
|
||||
| What is ecological succession? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is primary succession? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Who is the first species on the scene during primary succession? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | The sides of volcanoes and glaciers retreating
🗑
|
||||
| show | soil
🗑
|
||||
| show | Lichens!
🗑
|
||||
| show | They secrete acids to break down the rock and substrate to get nutrients.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Organic matter will be added to the rock.
🗑
|
||||
| What is an example of a species that participates in primary succession? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primary succession: What role do mosses play? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Primary Succession: What is an intermediate community dominated by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is another name for a climax community? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What makes a community mature? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Community stages: What happens in the pioneer stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Moss and grass
🗑
|
||||
| Community stages: What happens to the soil in the intermediate stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Community stages: Primary Succession:What are two examples of plants you would see in the intermediate stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Community stages: What do you see in the climax stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Early and Late Successional
🗑
|
||||
| Life History Traits: What happens to the seeds of early successional plants? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Light
🗑
|
||||
| Life History Traits: What kind of seeds do early successional plants have? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | They are poorly dispersed and end up close to the parent plant. They are moved by either gravity or mammals.
🗑
|
||||
| show | Evolutionarily speaking, it pays for them to switch strategies over time.
🗑
|
||||
| show | No! It depends on disturbances and interactions
🗑
|
||||
| show | Late won and moved forward, while early moved back
🗑
|
||||
| Interactions: What happened with inhibition(competition) in our game? (Early vs Late) | show 🗑
|
||||
| Interactions: What happened with tolerance in our game? (Early vs Late) | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | A fire
🗑
|
||||
| Community Stages: Secondary succession (Temperate deciduous forest) : What are some examples of what you would see in the primary stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Community Stages: Secondary succession (Temperate deciduous forest) : What are some examples of what you would see in the intermediate stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Community Stages: Secondary succession (Temperate deciduous forest) : What are some examples of what you would see in the climax stage? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does FIT stand for? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Facilitation model, inhibition model, tolerance model.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens in the Facilitation model? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Facilitation model: What happens in rocky intertidal communities between the red and green algae? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Facilitation model: What happens in rocky intertidal communities if red algae is removed? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens in the tolerance model? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Early occupants modify the environment and make it less suitable for late arrivals. Other species can only invade if the area is disturbed by events such as fires and landslides.
🗑
|
||||
| What do you need to know about the three mechanisms of succession? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Early colonists inhibit recruitment, so when the intermediate community species was removed, it was recolonized by pioneer species rather than new species.
🗑
|
||||
| What happens to species richness with community age? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Nitrogen. They get it from nitrogen fixing bacteria and soil
🗑
|
||||
| What are intermediate and climax communities limited by? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens when phosphorous is freed up in an intermediate or climax community? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What nutrients are the community staged limited by and in what order? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is species richness? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is species evenness? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | As a proportion. Ex: 2 green / 10 total = 1/5
🗑
|
||||
| what happens to species evenness if an invasive species comes in? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Species richness can be the same while the evenness is different: True or false? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | It is a combination of evenness and richness
🗑
|
||||
| show | 0 - 1.0 (1 being good evenness)
🗑
|
||||
| What do rank abundance curves do? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Diverse
🗑
|
||||
| When is there greater evenness in rank abundance curves? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What does the Shannon Wiener Index measure? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What is the general equation (simplified) for Shannon Wiener Index? | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | Minimum value is 0, there is no upper limit
🗑
|
||||
| show | Richness and evenness.
🗑
|
||||
| What are three factors that affect species diversity? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What happens when the Community and Ecosystem reach Stability? | show 🗑
|
||||
| Key Concept: Communities tend to be more stable when there is higher ____ _____. | show 🗑
|
||||
| show | As the number of species increases, the probability of overcoming disturbances increases. (As diversity increases, stability increases)
🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability to maintain structure or function in face of a potential disturbance.
🗑
|
||||
| show | The ability to return to a previous state after a disturbance.
🗑
|
||||
| How is there a trade off between resilience and stability? | show 🗑
|
||||
| What were the three extra credit topics? *Reminder so that you pay extra attention to them* | show 🗑
|
||||
| Hey guys! (Aka select few that I sent this to) | show 🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
1005680318
Popular Ecology sets