Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks and The Rock Cycle
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| What is a sedimentary rock? | show 🗑
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| show | Forces in nature break down rocks into smaller and smaller pieces. These broken pieces are called fragments. Fragments are moved by water, wind, and frozen water called glaciers. The fragments settle in a new place and cement, forming sedimentary rocks.
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| How are sedimentary rocks classified (by grain size)? | show 🗑
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| What is a clastic sedimentary rock? | show 🗑
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| show | A chemical sedimentary rock is a sedimentary rock formed when water evaporates leaving behind crystals. E.g. rock salt
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| What is an organic sedimentary rock? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Shale
2. Sandstone
3. Conglomerate
4. Coal
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| What is a metamorphic rock? | show 🗑
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| show | Factors in which contribute to the creation of metamorphic rocks include: the type of parent rock; the amount of heat; the amount of pressure; amount of time under heat and pressure.
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| What are the two types of changes that occur to metamorphic rocks? | show 🗑
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| What is a physical change that happens to metamorphic rocks? | show 🗑
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| show | 1. limestone (S) --> marble (M)
2. mudstone/shale (S) --> slate (M)
3. granite (I) --> gneiss (M)
4. soft coal (I) --> hard coal (M) --> diamonds (M)
5. sandstone (S) --> quartzite (M)
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| show | An idealised cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust. This involves igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.
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| show | Magma changes into igneous rocks by the process of COOLING.
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| show | Igneous rocks change into sediment by the process of WEATHERING AND EROSION.
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| show | Igneous rocks change into metamorphic rocks by the process of HEAT AND PRESSURE.
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| show | Igneous rocks change into magma by the process of MELTING.
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| What are the main processes to which rocks change between states in the rock cycle? | show 🗑
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| How does sediment turn into Sedimentary Rocks? | show 🗑
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| How does Sedimentary Rock turn into sediment? | show 🗑
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| show | Sedimentary rocks change into metamorphic rocks by the process of HEAT AND PRESSURE.
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| show | Metamorphic rocks change into sediment by the process of WEATHERING AND EROSION.
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| show | Metamorphic rocks change into magma by the process of MELTING.
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| show | Weathering is the breakdown of the materials of the Earth's crust into smaller fragments. Weathering happens to rocks that are NOT moving.
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| Name the three types of weathering? | show 🗑
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| Define physical weathering. | show 🗑
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| show | Chemical weathering is the process by which the minerals that make up a rock are changed, leading to the disintegration (break down) of the rock. E.g. water, oxygen, acid rain.
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| Define biological weathering. | show 🗑
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| show | Erosion is the process by which water, ice, wind or gravity MOVES fragments of rock and soil.
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| show | Water erosion is when water flows over rocks and moves the rock, removing sediments. Run-off, rivers and streams are all causes of water erosion.
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| What is the cause and definition ice erosion? | show 🗑
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| What is the cause and definition wind erosion? | show 🗑
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| What is the cause and definition of mass movement erosion? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between weathering and erosion? | show 🗑
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| show | Transportation is the carrying of sediment away from the site of weathering/erosion. i.e. pebbles rolling along a river bed being carried by the movement of water, or sand/sediments being carried by wind. Transportation usually occurs as part of erosion.
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| show | Deposition is the process in which sediments, soil and rocks are added to a land form or land mass. Deposition is the building up of layers of sediment.
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| show | When heated then cooled rapidly, the glass shattered due to the extremes of temperature. Hence, when the heated glass was placed into the hot water, the glass did not experience vast extremes, so the glass did not shatter, merely crack.
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| show | Foliation is the physical change by which layers or bands are formed in a metamorphic rock.
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| show | The way the glass cracked & shattered due to the extremes in temperatures is similar in rocks. If a rock must cool rapidly, it often doesn't develop fully, will shatter or easily weather/erode. The opposite applies to a rock given a long time to cool.
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