For 330 Water and energy budgets, most from Chapin 2011
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| Albedo | Fraction of the incident shortwave radiation reflected from a surface.
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| Diffuse radiation | Shortwave radiation that is scattered by particles and gases in the atmosphere.
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| Direct radiation | Radiation that comes directly from the sun without scattering or reradiation by the atmosphere or objects in the environment.
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| Evapotranspiration | Water loss from an ecosystem by transpiration and surface evaporation; equivalent to latent heat flux, but expressed in water units.
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| Latent Heat | Energy transferred between a surface and the atmosphere by the evaporation of water or the condensation of water vapor; equivalent to evapotranspiration, but expressed in energy units.
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| Latent heat flux | Energy required to change a gram of a substance from a liquid to a vapor without change in temperature.
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| Longwave radiation | Radiation with wavelengths of about 4–30 mm.
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| Net radiation | Balance between the inputs and outputs of shortwave and longwave radiation.
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| Relative humidity | Ratio of the actual amount of water held in the atmosphere compared to maximum that could be held at that temperature.
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| Saturation vapor pressure | The maximum water vapor pressure contained in air for a given temperature; equivelent to dew point temperature.
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| Sensible heat flux | Energy that is conducted from a warm surface to the air immediately above it and then moved upward to the bulk atmosphere by convection.
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| Shortwave radiation | Radiation with wavelengths of about 0.2–4.0 mm, including ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared radiation.
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| Specific heat capacity | Energy required to warm a gram of a substance by 1˚C.
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| Transpiration | Water movement through stomata from plants to the atmosphere.
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| Turbulence | Irregular velocities of air or water movement that can transport heat and materials much more rapidly than by diffusion.
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| Vapor pressure | Partial pressure exerted by water molecules in the air.
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| Vapor pressure deficit | Difference in actual vapor pressure and the vapor pressure in air of the same temperature and pressure that is saturated with water vapor.
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