Arrays
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| anonymous array | an array without an explicit reference variable; the array was not declared; this happens when it is sent as an argument to a parameter list
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| array | single variable that can reference a large collection of of fixed number of data values of a single type
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| array declaration | consists of data type and reference variable
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| array initializer | shorthand notation that consists of data type, reference variable, and a sequence of expressions that are assignment compatible with the element type of the array
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| array instantiation | process of creating an instance of an array through use of the new operator or the process of initialization
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| binary search | process of looking for a specific element in a sorted array by repeatedly dividing the search interval in half
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| element | a single piece of data(value or reference variable) in an array; indexed variable
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| garbage collection | process of reclaiming the run-time unused memory automatically
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| index | number in brackets[] that indicate the position of an element in an array
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| indexed variable | a single piece of data(value or reference variable) in an array; element
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| insertion sort | elementary sorting algorithm that sorts one element at a time and growing a sorted list
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| linear search | process of looking for a specific element by starting at the first element and moving to the next element until the element is found
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| new | Java operator used to create an array or instance of an object
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| null | special value to signify: uninitialized state, termination condition, non-existing object, an unknown value
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| off-by-one error | is a logic error outside the boundaries of an array or list. It often occurs in computer programming when an iterative loop iterates one time too many or too few.
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| pre-condition | something that must always be true just prior to the execution of some section of code or before an operation in a formal specification
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| post-condition | something that must always be true just after the execution of some section of code or after an operation in a formal specification
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| reference variable | holds the memory location of the real object
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| selection sort | elementary sorting algorithm that finds the smallest element in the array and swaps it with the first element, then finds the next smallest element and swaps it with the second element, and so on.
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